CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. They live in the nasopharyngeal region of mammals. Ind Medical Gazette 75(8):478, CAS Linguatula serrata Tongue Worm in Human Eye, Austria. While many pentastomid males die directly after mating, Linguatula serrata males may live for a period of time after mating. Prevalence of Linguatula serrata infection in domestic bovids slaughtered in Tabriz Abattoir, Iran. The PMC legacy view will also be available for a limited time. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. eCollection 2020 Apr. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in PScript5.dll Version 5.2 Korean J Radiol 11:480484. Dispatches.indd Exotic worms and worm-like parasites, and surveillance in the UK. Linguatulosis, as a zoonotic disease, can infect most ruminants and cause accidental infections in humans. The first three abdominal annuli have three pairs of sensory papillae. American Journal of Tropical Medicine, 33 (1): 187-189. Hami, M., S. Naddaf, I. Mobedi, M. Zare-Bidaki, S. Athari, B. Hajimohammadi, G. Anaraki-Mohammed. Morphological support for the phylogenetic positioning of Pentastomida and related fossils. Pathology 20:198199, Article Linguatulosis is a condition associated with the organism Linguatula serrata.. 1983. Considering a few reports of human infestation, a comprehensive search was performed on both English and Persian databases for publications reporting human cases all around the world. Human linguatulosis is a rare but highly specialized pentastomid parasitic infection all around the world. Disclaimer. Elham Sadat Banimostafavi or Mahdi Fakhar. PubMedGoogle Scholar. New York, Springer Publishing Co. p:120122, Akyol C, Coskun S, Omez G, Senlik B (1995) Linguatula serrata in Bursa stray dogs and its importance from the point of public health. The polyclinic doctor suspected that the worm was a parasite but he could not make a diagnosis, and the patient was referred to Health Research and Training Hospital, Yznc Yl University. Pentastomid females usually mate only once during their lifetime, but eggs develop inside females, who have already stored sperm in the spermathecae. Similarly, the chief definitive hosts of L. serrata are dogs existing in urban areas, also leaving natural ecosystems relatively unaffected. 2014;9(2):282-5. Linguatula serrata females mate once over the course of their lifetime, but due to huge spermathecal storage and oocytes continuously being ejected from the ovary, females can lay thousands or millions of eggs per year. Intraocular pentastomiasis causing unilateral glaucoma. Emerging Infectious Diseases 17 (5), 870-872 PubMed. 1999. A viable parasite was extracted and transferred to physiologic saline. J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci 19(1):5861, Koehsler M, Walochnik J, Georgopoulos M et al (2011) Linguatula serrata tongue worm in human eye. Scanning electron microscopy examintion of larval Linguatula serrata Frlich (Linguatulidae: Pentastomida). Acta Trop 62:127134, Yazdani R, Sharifi I, Bamorovat M, Mohammadi MA (2014) Human linguatulosis caused by linguatula serrata in the City of Kerman, South-Eastern Iran-case report Iran. Nasopharyngeal pentastomiasis (Halzoun): report of 3 cases. the region of the earth that surrounds the equator, from 23.5 degrees north to 23.5 degrees south. Find details on Linguatula serrata in dogs including diagnosis and symptoms, active forms, resting forms, clinical effects, treatment and more. living in cities and large towns, landscapes dominated by human structures and activity. PubMed (Banaja, 1983; Drabick, 1987; Shakerian, et al., 2008), After being ingested by an herbivorous intermediate host from an aqueous environment, eggs hatch into their first larval stage, looking superficially like a mite. The present study was registered at Arak University of Medical Sciences (Grant No. The usual final host for Linguatula serrata is a carnivore, like a dog or jackal, and the species is sometimes known as the dog tongueworm for this reason.. More generally, linguatulosis can be considered a form of "pentastomiasis", which refers to all diseases caused by pentastomids, including porocephaliasis. Effect of age, sex, and season on the prevalence of Linguatula serrata infestation in mesenteric lymph nodes of goats slaughtered in Tabriz, Iran. Govaresh 17:5559, Yagi H et al (1996) The Marrara syndrome: a hypersensitivity reaction of the upper respiratory tract and buccopharyngeal mucosa to nymphs of Linguatula serrata. 1 0 obj <> endobj 4 0 obj <>stream volume120,pages 30453050 (2021)Cite this article. [The prevalence of Linguatula serrata (Frhlich, 1789) nymphs in sheep in the Van province]. National Science Foundation Pentastomiasis. Linguatula serrata (Pentastomida: order Porocephalida, family Linguatulidae) is a cosmopolitan parasite inhabiting . The pupil was round and reactive, the lens was clear, and a slight iridodonesis was observed. Parsitology Today, 5 (4): 126-132. Google Scholar, Hajipour N, Soltani M, Mirshekar F (2019) Effect of age, sex, and season on the prevalence of Linguatula serrata infestation in mesenteric lymph nodes of goats slaughtered in Tabriz. and across multiple seasons (or other periods hospitable to reproduction). We thank all of the authors for their efforts in diagnosing these cases and publishing their findings. Tongue worm (Linguatula serrata) is an endoparasite commonly dwelling in carnivores, especially dogs. Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL) and Toxoplasmosis (INRCT), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 48471-91971, Sari, Iran, Rabeeh Tabaripour,Masoud Keighobadi,Ali Sharifpour,Hossein Azadeh,Elham Sadat Banimostafavi,Mahdi Fakhar&Soodeh Abedi, Vector-Borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran, You can also search for this author in Characterization of the tongue worm, Linguatula serrata (Pentastomida: Linguatulidae), in Australia. Maleky F. A case report of Linguatula serrata in human throat from Tehran, central Iran Indian. gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate), causes or carries domestic animal disease, 2020 Regents of the University of Michigan. - 172.104.178.68. 1984. Coronavirus is a single-st. Unfortunately, neither dog could be investigated for potential infection. The ADW Team gratefully acknowledges their support. A prevalence of 38.57% and 35.67% was recorded in 2010 and 2011, respectively, in Jalingo, Taraba State. Animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides, as well as anterior and posterior ends. PubMed J Egypt Med Assoc 38:229231, Rendtorff RC, Deweese MW, Murrah W (1962) The occurrence of Linguatula serrata, a pentastomid, with the human eye. either directly causes, or indirectly transmits, a disease to a domestic animal, uses smells or other chemicals to communicate. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. All experimental procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The Altmetric Attention Score for a research output provides an indicator of the amount of attention that it has received. Prevalence of Linguatula serrata infestation in stray dogs of Shahrekord, Iran. Georgopoulos M, Pruente C, Boeckeler W, et al. Am J Trop Med Hyg 11:762764. Tehran Uni Med J TUMS Publ 55(3):2024, Morsy TA, El-Sharkawy I, Lashin AH (1999) Human nasopharyngeal linguatuliasis (Pentasomida) caused by Linguatula serrata. Finally, 30 papers of 62 human cases were included in this study. Epub 2018 Mar 7. Human linguatulosis caused by Linguatula serrata in the city of Kerman, South-eastern Iran: case report. Many human infections arise in underdeveloped areas of the world like the Middle East, India, Africa, and Southeast Asia, where eating raw glands of cattle, sheep, and other herbivorous mammals is a part of a normal diet. The girl also had cats and a turtle, but cats are not primary hosts and turtles are never hosts for the life cycle of the L. serrata tongue worm (14). Linguatula serrata can be found in several countries in Asia, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Europe, North Africa, and the Americas. Pesquisa de informao mdica. Figure 1. Human linguatulosis is a rare but highly specialized pentastomid parasitic infection all around the world. Taxon Information In other words, Central and South America. For example, diseases caused by infection of filarial nematodes (elephantiasis and river blindness). IJP: Parasites and Wildlife 11: 268281. Nasopharynx was the most frequently involved organ in human cases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3:e320. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 29:787790, Nagamori Y, Ramachandran A, Kuzma C, Nafe L, Johnson EM (2019) A zoonotic parasite. After a series of molts, the worm loses its leg-like appendages and tapers from its cone shaped head down to its posterior end. 3113). Surgical removal of the parasite was complicated because of high mobility of the parasite inside the anterior chamber. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. This nasopharyngeal infection is known as Halzoun syndrome in the Middle East or as Marrara in Sudan (1,2). Pinworm, bulating Parasito, human Whipworm, annelid, helminths, worms, roundworms, hari, Earthworm, Parasitism, Worm, giant Roundworm She had no history of bites or other infestations, and neither she nor any of her animals had been abroad. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. endstream endobj 2 0 obj <> endobj 52 0 obj <> endobj 36 0 obj <> endobj 5 0 obj <> endobj 35 0 obj <>stream (Hami, et al., 2009; Haugerud, 1989; Riley, 1983), Larvae can survive for up to two years encysted before they calcify and die in the intermediate host. Linguatula serrata tongue worm in human eye, Austria. In this study case reports of individuals in Iran those infected with the Linguatula serrata were taken from the international databases (e.g., Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Iranmedex, Scientific Information Database, and Irandoc) and reviewed. Parasite: Linguatula serrata. Before Behrmann, K. 2012. A 14-year-old girl was referred to the eye clinic at the Medical University of Vienna with an unknown parasite detected during ophthalmologic examination. J Parasitol 9:282285, Yilmaz H, Cengiz ZT, Cicek M, Dulger AC (2011) A nasopharyngeal human infestation caused by Linguatula serrata nymphs in Van province: a case report. Hamid T, Hossein YD, Bahadoran-Bagh-Badorani Mehran FS, Masood EH (2012) A case report of Linguatula serrata infestation from rural area of Isfahan City. In insects, "incomplete metamorphosis" is when young animals are similar to adults and change gradually into the adult form, and "complete metamorphosis" is when there is a profound change between larval and adult forms. dogs, and livestocks slaughterhouse offal or the carcasses of infected herbivores, and a careful control and treatment strategy to prevent it in such as goats, sheep, and cattle; this facilitates the spread of intermediate . Linguatula serrata females mate once over the course of their lifetime, but due to huge spermathecal storage and oocytes continuously being ejected from the ovary, females can lay thousands or millions of eggs per year. Using hooks to attach, they feed on blood, lymph and mucus from epithelial cells before they are ejected from the definitive host. [Progress of research on clinical manifestations and diagnosis of human pentastomiasis]. Reports on wild canids as definitive hosts of this parasite are scarce. The site is secure. Google Scholar, Gokpinar S, Aydenzoz M (2010) Protozoons and arthropods found in eyes. (Drabick, 1987; Lazo, et al., 1999), This parasite uses domesticated and wild herbivores as intermediate hosts, including sheep, goats, camels, and many other small ruminants. Classification, To cite this page: hZrr+js# Male sperm storage also occurs, as sperm are retained in the male epididymes (in mammals) for a period that can, in some cases, extend over several weeks or more, but here we use the term to refer only to sperm storage by females. J Parasit Dis: 19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07272-y, https://iranjournals.nlai.ir/handle/123456789/249016. Humans are an accidental definitive host for Linguatula serrata. Bed bugs; Other names: Cimicosis, bed bug bites, bedbugs, bed bug infestation: An adult bed bug The reason for the presentation of this case is that Linguatula serrata, a parasite rarely encountered in humans, was found in a patient in Van province. Webinars. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. mature spermatozoa are stored by females following copulation. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 63:854858. A large change in the shape or structure of an animal that happens as the animal grows. One month later, the eye was completely free of irritation, and 3 months later an artificial intraocular lens (ARTISAN; OPHTEC BV, Groningen, the Netherlands) was implanted. Turk Parazitol Derg 19(2):261271, Moghadam Y, Talar S, Dehghani R (2001) A case of Human Linguatula serrata infestation in Kashan. (Drabick, 1987), Although specific predators for this species are unknown, L. serrata depends on predator-prey relationships to reach its hosts. The 18S rDNA was amplified and sequenced stepwise by using 6 internal primers (P1fw, P1rev, P2fw, P2rev, P3fw, P3rev) (13) and a 310 ABI PRISM automated sequencer (Applied Biosystems, Darmstadt, Germany); 3 sequences each were obtained from both strands. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 11:149157. The Animal Diversity Web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. Evolution in the pentastomids. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. There was not any conflict of interests by all authors. Humans are not considered as its main hosts but can act as both intermediate (visceral linguatuliasis) and final hosts (nasopharyngeal linguatuliasis). They are always parasitic or paratenic, causing zoonotic disease in definitive hosts or remaining asymptomatic as larvae in the paratenic host. Infection rates of small ruminants in the Middle East are significant, as up to 50% of sheep may be infected within a region. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.01.010, Siavashi M, Assmar M, Vatankhah A (2002) Nasopharyngeal pentastomiasis (Halzoun): report of 3 Cases Iran. Austria Emerg Infect Dis 17:870872. Musharrafeh U, Hamadeh G, Touma A, Fares J Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2018 Dec;64(12):1081-1084. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.64.12.1081. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-020-01276-8, https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1984.33.187, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100288, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-018-1768-3, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2018.06.001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.09.013, https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2010.11.4.480, https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.405, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100273, https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1962.11.762, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(69)90131-x, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.01.010, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003041, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2019.e00111, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000320. Both adults and larvae are dorso-ventrally flattened. Cluster analysis was performed by using the PHYLIP 3.63 package (www.phylip.com), with neighbor joining, maximum parsimony, and maximum likelihood as evolutionary models and 100 bootstrap replicates generated for each model. (Lazo, et al., 1999), Adult Linguatula serrata uses papillae on its annuli to sense its environment. . Parasite Epidemiol Control 7:e00111. Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. Shamsi S, Halajian A, Barton DP, Zhu X, Smit WJ, Roux F, Luus-Powell WJ. The infection is caused by a cosmopolitanfood-borne zoonoticparasiteLinguatula serrata (L. serrata) belonging to class pentastomida.Adult parasitesreside in upper respiratory system, nasal airways and sinuses of carnivorous animals as their final hosts.Herbivorous and other ruminants as intermediate hosts reserve . Dysphagia. a wetland area that may be permanently or intermittently covered in water, often dominated by woody vegetation. with a review on ivermectin treatment in reindeer . Google Scholar, Ryan E, Hill D R, Solomon T et al (2019) Hunters tropical medicine and emerging infectious diseases E-Book, 10th edn. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. Sequence similarities to other pentastomids range from 90.0% (Armillifer agkistrodontis, Porocephalus crotali) to 90.8% (Raillietiella spp.). Linguatula serrata is known as a cosmopolitan zoonotic parasite whose adult form inhabits the upper respiratory system, nasal airways and frontal sinuses of dogs, foxes, cats and other carnivores, which are recognized as its final hosts. Linguatula serrate, an ectoparasite, belonging to the arthropods order, has diverse forms of adult, nymph and larva. living in the Nearctic biogeographic province, the northern part of the New World. an organism that obtains nutrients from other organisms in a harmful way that doesn't cause immediate death, reproduction that includes combining the genetic contribution of two individuals, a male and a female. 1987. Acta Trop 125:115118. The review covers the case reports of human tongue worm infection published either in Persian or in . J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health. The genus Linguatula (Pentastomida) is cosmopolitan and includes 6 species that have a higher prevalence in subtropical, tropical, and temperate regions. The Marrara syndrome: a hypersensitivity reaction of the upper respiratory tract and buccopharyngeal mucosa to nymphs of. Chapter 96, 121: 14031443. (Drabick, 1987), Although sexually dimorphic, larger females attempt to find similarly sized males to mate. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 50:466467, Moghadam Y, Dehghan R (2001) A case of human linguathula serrata infestation in kashan. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. Infection rates of dogs in Austria are unknown; only 1 case has been reported, and it occurred in a dog imported from the United States (15). Humans can serve both roles. (2011) Linguatula serrata . CAS These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. The objective of this study was to explore the epidemiological, histopathological and phylogenetic profiles of Linguatula serrata infection in sheep and goats and its public health importance during 2015-2018. As a result, we think that physicians should consider L. serrata infestation in patients applying to health foundations with complaints such as pharyngitis accompanied by pharyngeal pain, coughing, sneezing and vomiting. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2019.e00111, Tappe D, Buttner DW (2009) Diagnosis of human visceral pentastomiasis. having the capacity to move from one place to another. It infects the airways of dogs, occasionally cats, which act as final hosts, but also other domestic and wild animals (including cattle, sheep . 2011;17(5):870-872. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1705.100790. 2007. Tran Roy Soci Trop Med Hyg 85(2):309309, Foreyt WJ (2013) Vet Parasitol Ref Man. Adv biomed Res, Iran, p 1, Islam R, Hossain MS, Alam Z et al (2018) Linguatula serrata, a food-borne zoonotic parasite, in livestock in Bangladesh: some pathologic and epidemiologic aspects. Learn more about navigating our updated article layout. Horeca news, de voedingsspecialist Fattore di Impatto 2022-2023| Analisi, Trend, Ranking & Previsione - Academic Accelerator The clinical picture of the case was very puzzling and the attack lasted for 15 days. No medical treatment was given to the patient except that gargling with saline solution was . Larval L. serrata normaly measure 3-4 mm. Linguatula serrata, the so-called tongue worm, is a worm-like, bloodsucking parasite belonging to the Pentastomida group. 2018 Dec;64(12):1081-1084. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.64.12.1081. 2018 Apr 30;254:78-81. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.03.006. Correspondence to Tabaripour R, Shokri A, Teshnizi S H, et al (2019) Status of Linguatula serrata infection in livestock: a systematic review with meta-analysis in Iran. J Shahid Sadoughi Uni Med Sci 5:5860, Baird JK, Kassebaum LJ, Ludwig GK (1988) Hepatic granuloma in a man from North America caused by a nymph of Linguatula serrata. Small Ruminent Research, 72: 73-76. Haugerud, R. 1989. is provided as an example of pentastomid biology. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003041, Tabaripour R, Shokri A, Hosseini Teshnizi S, Fakhar M, Keighobadi M (2019) Status of Linguatula serrata infection in livestock: a systematic review with meta-analysis in Iran. The Animal Diversity Web team is excited to announce ADW Pocket Guides! Ocul Immunol Inflamm 19(6):442443, Schacher JF, Saab S, Germanos R, Boustany N (1969) The aetiology of halzoun in Lebanon: recovery of Linguatula serrata nymphs from two patients. In this study case reports of individuals in Iran those infected with the Linguatula serrata were taken from the international databases (e.g., Medline (PubMed . All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. Fragments were combined to a consensus sequence with the GENEDOC sequence editor (www.nrbsc.org/gfx/genedoc), and deposited in GenBank (accession no. During this stage, the parasite has a stylet to tunnel through gut walls, along with appendages for further propulsion. (Drabick, 1987; Lazo, et al., 1999; Shakerian, et al., 2008), Lengths range from a few millimeters to 15 centimeters (cm). https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.16-0508, Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman D (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. An official website of the United States government. Table of Contents Volume 17, Number 5May 2011. Nasopharyngeal linguatulosis or halzoun syndrome: clinical diagnosis and treatment. The parasite was examined in the Parasitology Laboratory and it was observed that this parasite was the nymph of L. serrata whose mouth was surrounded with four hooks and had approximately 90 body segments with small hooks. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1984.33.187, Article This is . (Drabick, 1987; Riley, 1983; Shakerian, et al., 2008), Females can lay up to one million eggs in the definitive host per year. In this study case reports of individuals in Iran those infected with the Linguatula serrata were taken from the international databases (e.g., Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Iranmedex, Scientific Information Database, and Irandoc) and reviewed. Even when a cladogram without P. crotali and on a basis of 1,780 aligned sites was constructed, L. serrata remained in the Cephalobaenida. All information is peer reviewed. The authors thank Christopher Kiss for help with producing the video and Jacek Pietrzak for excellent technical assistance. Koehsler, M., Walochnik, J., Georgopoulos, M., Pruente, C., Boeckeler, W., Auer, H.Barisani-Asenbauer, T. (2011). The anterior end had apical papillae and a chitinoid oral clasp (Figure 1, panel C). Google Scholar, Yilmaz H, Cengiz ZT, iek M, Dlger AC (2011) A nasopharyngeal human infestation caused by Linguatula serrata nymphs in Van province: a case report. Bogs have a flora dominated by sedges, heaths, and sphagnum. Linguatula serrata is a cosmopolitan species and both larval and nymphal stages have been recorded from humans in Africa, Europe, and the Americas . The 18S rRNA gene of L. serrata is 1,834 bp long with a GC content of 49.3%. marshes are wetland areas often dominated by grasses and reeds. Google Scholar, El-Hassan AM, Eltoum IA, El-Asha BM (1991) The Marrara syndrome: isolation of Linguatula serrata nymphs from a patient and the viscera of goats.

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