In this paper, an efficient enzyme kinetics assay for Stf0 using electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry is presented. View details for DOI 10.1002/anie.200806319, View details for Web of Science ID 000266415400022, View details for PubMedCentralID PMC2868584. More broadly, well-defined synthetic glycopolymers enable the integration of glycoconjugate structural and spatial diversity in a single microarray screening platform. Of the sequence motifs that are associated with 4Fe-4S centers, the cysteine dyad is atypical and has generated discussion with respect to coordination as well as the cluster's larger functional significance. Whereas the former enzyme has been shown to direct metabolic flux toward sialic acid in vivo, the function of the latter enzyme is unclear. Rodriguez, E. C., Winans, K. A., King, D. S., Bertozzi, C. R. Engineered cell surfaces: Fertile ground for molecular landscaping, Engineering chemical reactivity on cell surfaces through oligosaccharide biosynthesis. Here we applied the bioorthogonal chemical reporter technique for the molecular imaging of mucin-type O-glycans in live C. elegans. Grunwell, J. R., Rath, V. L., Rasmussen, J., Cabrilo, Z., Bertozzi, C. R. Discovery of sulfated metabolites in mycobacteria with a genetic and mass spectrometric approach. Dibenzoselenacycloheptynes were prepared in three steps from commercially available reagents and trapped in situ with benzyl azide to form the corresponding triazoles. View details for Web of Science ID 000173078400005. We performed in vivo reconstitution experiments in which ST8Sia IV(-/-) progenitors competed with wild-type cells to repopulate depleted or deficient immune subsets. Mauris, J., Mantelli, F., Woodward, A. M., Cao, Z., Bertozzi, C. R., Panjwani, N., Godula, K., Argueeso, P. Sulfatase-activated fluorophores for rapid discrimination of mycobacterial species and strains. Finally, using StcE, we discovered that sialic acid-binding Ig-type lectin-7 (Siglec-7), a glycoimmune checkpoint receptor, selectively binds sialomucins as biological ligands, whereas the related receptor Siglec-9 does not. Generated in nine steps from a glucose analogue, DIMAC reacted with azide-labeled proteins and cells similarly to cyclooctynes. Here we show that a QC amino acid can be incorporated into a protein site-specifically using the pyrrolysine-based genetic code expansion platform, and subsequently used for ligation chemistry. Baker Family Director of Stanford ChEM-H, Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor in the School of Humanities and Sciences and Professor, by courtesy, of Chemical and Systems Biology and of Radiology, AB, Harvard University, Chemistry (1988). Incorporation of sialosides into LOS was assessed by matrix-assisted laser desorption and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. This strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition is often referred to as "Cu-free click chemistry". However, SL-1 per se is not required for establishing infection as pks2 mutants, which are defective in an earlier step in SL-1 biosynthesis, have no obvious growth defect. Bifunctional, fluorinated cyclooctynes were used for the in situ "click" crosslinking of azide-terminated photodegradable star polymers, yielding photodegradable polymeric model networks with well-defined structures and tunable gelation times. This enzyme is also the first characterized ppGalNAc-T of protozoan origin. Proof of principle was performed by using various heparin/HS samples isolated from bovine and porcine tissues. and Kirk Schanze and Lee, {T. Randall} and Lutkenhaus, {Jodie L.} and David Kaplan and Christopher Jones and Carolyn Bertozzi and Laura Kiessling and Mulcahy, {Mary Beth} and Lindsley, {Craig W.} and Finn, {M. G.} and Blum, {Joel D.} and Prashant Kamat and Delaveris, C. S., Wilk, A. J., Riley, N. M., Stark, J. C., Yang, S. S., Rogers, A. J., Ranganath, T., Nadeau, K. C., Blish, C. A., Bertozzi, C. R. Optimization of Metabolic Oligosaccharide Engineering with Ac4GalNAlk and Ac4GlcNAlk by an Engineered Pyrophosphorylase. By incorporating sulfate esters on the analogous positions of the disaccharide lactose, we generated a simple small molecule (lactose 6',6-disulfate) with greater inhibitory potency for L-selectin than sialyl Lewis x. We report the discovery that boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs), isosteres of CNTs with unique physical properties, are inherently noncytotoxic. Surprisingly, for three of the enzymes, significant activity was observed with sialylated LacNAc, and two of the enzymes were capable of detectable sulfation of GlcNAc in the context of sialyl Lewis x. The ability to label mucin-type O-linked glycoproteins with chemical tags should facilitate their identification by proteomic strategies. Finally, we show that normal V snapping in C. glutamicum depends on complete assembly of the septal cell envelope. Previous structural analysis of the oligosaccharide chains on GlyCAM-1, an endothelial-derived ligand for L-selectin, revealed two novel structures: 6'-sulfo sialyl Lewis x and 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis x. Surprisingly, the dibenzoselenacycloheptynes also abstracted hydrogen atoms from solvents such as THF or toluene, forming dibenzoselenacycloheptene products. We hope this review will inspire biologists to make use of these new techniques and stimulate chemists to continue developing innovative approaches to probe lectin biology invivo. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.04.035. Shon, D. J., Malaker, S. A., Pedram, K. n., Yang, E. n., Krishnan, V. n., Dorigo, O. n., Bertozzi, C. R. A Pragmatic Guide to Enrichment Strategies for Mass Spectrometry-Based Glycoproteomics. We constructed a glycoprotein expression signature, which revealed that metastatic tumours upregulate expression of bulky glycoproteins. Li phin vn-chng si to pan-lan-chhan , ng [12], Carolyn Bertozzi received her A.B. The ligation exploits the bioorthogonal reaction of aldehydes and alkoxyamines to form an intermediate oxyiminium ion; this intermediate undergoes intramolecular C-C bond formation with an indole nucleophile to form an oxacarboline product that is hydrolytically stable. As this special issue testifies, the field of bioorthogonal chemistry is firmly established as a challenging frontier of reaction methodology and an important new instrument for biological discovery. Sheta, R., Woo, C. M., Roux-Dalvai, F., Fournier, F., Bourassa, S., Droit, A., Bertozzi, C. R., Bachvarov, D. Click-EM for imaging metabolically tagged nonprotein biomolecules. Here, we report the identification of the SMK biosynthetic operon that, in addition to a previously identified sulfotransferase stf3, includes a putative cytochrome P450 gene (cyp128) and a gene of unknown function, rv2269c. WebCarolyn Bertozzi is the Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor of Chemistry and Professor of Chemical & Systems Biology and Radiology (by courtesy) at Stanford University, the Parthasarathy, R., Rabuka, D., Bertozzi, C. R., Groves, J. T. Copper-free click chemistry for dynamic in vivo imaging. The ketone group on the cell surface can then be covalently ligated under physiological conditions with molecules carrying a complementary reactive functional group such as the hydrazide. In addition, a reciprocal barrier of self-synthesized or acquired glycocalyx components on the macrophage surface shrouds phagocytic receptors, curtailing their ability to engage particles. Kinetic analysis of the mutants identified residues that are essential for catalytic activity. Experimental data confirmed that electronic perturbation of BARAC's aryl rings has a modest effect on reaction rate, whereas steric hindrance in the transition state can significantly retard the reaction. Applications to the visualization of cellular glycans and enrichment of glycoproteins for proteomic analysis are described. View details for Web of Science ID 000187945400003. View details for Web of Science ID 000168383900005. Here we present the first synthetic trehalose glycolipids capable of providing desiccation protection to membranes of which they are constituents. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis possess three pathways for the synthesis of trehalose. However, only some of these mutants were able to generate protection equivalent to that of BCG in mice. Single-particle tracking was used to characterize the diffusion dynamics of injected quantum dots in the cytosol. Baranov, M. V., Bianchi, F., Schirmacher, A., van Aart, M. A., Maassen, S., Muntjewerff, E. M., Dingjan, I., Ter Beest, M., Verdoes, M., Keyser, S. G., Bertozzi, C. R., Diederichsen, U., van den Bogaart, G. Making Glycoproteomics via Mass Spectrometry More Accessible to the greater Scientific Community. View details for DOI 10.1073/pnas.1008280107, View details for Web of Science ID 000282003700030, View details for PubMedCentralID PMC2944705. Although theoretical predictions suggest that proteins follow these pathways as a result of fluctuations that create unstable dense-liquid states, microscopic studies indicate these states are long-lived. Previous reports have shown that synthetic DNA strands can be attached to the plasma membrane of living cells to equip them with artificial adhesion "receptors" that bind to complementary strands extending from material surfaces. Hang, H. C., Yu, C., Ten Hagen, K. G., Tian, E., Winans, K. A., Tabak, L. A., Bertozzi, C. R. Probing glycosyltransferase activities with the Staudinger ligation. CalFluors: A Universal Motif for Fluorogenic Azide Probes across the Visible Spectrum. She coined the term "bioorthogonal chemistry"[2] for chemical reactions compatible with living systems. Using a fluorescent marker tagged to the ring molecule, Bertozzi was able to track the ring compound as it bound to the glycan, in this way developing a map of the glycan location. Her recent efforts include synthesis of chemical tools to study cell surface sugars called glycans and how they affect diseases A., Bertozzi, C. R. Site-specific chemical protein conjugation using genetically encoded aldehyde tags. O-Linked -N-acetylgalactosamine (O-GalNAc) glycans constitute a major part of the human glycome. Recent studies suggest that the mucin granule lumen consists of a matrix meshwork embedded in a fluid phase. This new protocol incorporates 12 known heparin disaccharides, including three sets of isomers. The spatial display of cellular ligands and receptors is important for cell adhesion and communication. We report that mycobacteria and other corynebacteria can be specifically detected with a fluorogenic trehalose analog. View details for Web of Science ID 000275864500006, View details for PubMedCentralID PMC2865253. Remodeling the sialylation status of cancer cells affected the susceptibility to NK cell cytotoxicity via Siglec-7 engagement in a variety of tumor types. The galectin family of glycan-binding proteins is thought to mediate many cellular processes by oligomerizing cell surface glycoproteins and glycolipids into higher-order aggregates. StcEE447D is a pan-mucin stain derived from enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli that is tolerant to a wide range of glycoforms. A., Bertozzi, C. R., Tirrell, D. A. Interfacing carbon nanotubes with living cells. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2006.08.017, View details for Web of Science ID 000240675000013. To this end, we generated the first high-density library of transposon insertion mutants in the model organism C. glutamicum. [10][11], Bertozzi was awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, jointly with Morten P. Meldal and Karl Barry Sharpless, "for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry". In this study, we describe the development of a high-throughput assay for OGT and use it to profile the specificity of the enzyme among a panel of peptide substrates. Targets intended for clearance expose ligands that initiate their phagocytosis ("eat me" signals), while others avoid phagocytosis by displaying inhibitory ligands ("don't eat me" signals). A genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies novel ligands for the Siglec family of glyco-immune checkpoint receptors. Applications to noninvasive imaging and glycoproteomic analyses are discussed. Lastly, we show that sialic acid depletion enhances ADC lysosomal delivery and killing in diverse cancer cell types, including with FDA (US Food and Drug Administration)-approved trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) in Her2-positive breast cancer cells. Through this approach, we achieved glycopolypeptides with high molecular weights and low dispersities. Inhibitors of a key step of O-linked glycan biosynthesis can be discovered from a directed library screen. [structure: see text] Divergent syntheses of sulfated sialyl Lewis X oligosaccharides corresponding to the core 1 and core 6 branches of the L-selectin ligand are reported. View details for DOI 10.1021/acscentsci.6b00070, View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4827488. We have found that TDM monolayers, in stark contrast to phospholipid membranes, can be dehydrated and rehydrated without loss of integrity, as assessed by fluidity and protein binding. Saad, O. M., Ebel, H., Uchimura, K., ROSEN, S. D., Bertozzi, C. R., Leary, J. Detection and quantification of fatty acid fluxes in animal model systems following physiological, pathological, or pharmacological challenges is key to our understanding of complex metabolic networks as these macronutrients also activate transcription factors and modulate signaling cascades including insulin sensitivity. Complementation of the mutant strain restored PAT production, demonstrating that PapA3 is essential for the biosynthesis of this glycolipid in vivo. Mougous, J. D., Green, R. E., Williams, S. J., Brenner, S. E., Bertozzi, C. R. Recent advances in the chemical synthesis of mucin-like glycoproteins, Conjugation of DNA to silanized colloidal semiconductor nanocrystalline quantum dots. Here we describe a versatile platform that can accomplish this goal through DNA hybridization. In addition, the future of synthetic glycopeptides and glycoproteins as therapeutics is discussed. The kinetic constants of Stf0 were measured, and the catalytic mechanism of the sulfuryl group transfer reaction was investigated in initial rate kinetics and product inhibition experiments. Bertozzi completed her undergraduate degree in Chemistry at Harvard University and her Ph.D. at UC Berkeley, focusing on the chemical synthesis of oligosaccharide analogs. Here we report a method for rapid profiling of fucosylated glycoproteins from human cells using 6-azido fucose as a metabolic label. The resulting surfaces are then demonstrated to be able to capture up to three distinct types of living cells in specific locations. This work provides a method to study the biosynthesis of fucosylated glycans in vivo. The polypeptide N-alpha-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (ppGalNAcTs) play a key role in mucin-type O-linked glycan biosynthesis by installing the initial GalNAc residue on the protein scaffold. Here we study the effects of GlcNAc 2-epimerase expression on sialic acid production in cells. Cell surface sialosides constitute a central axis of immune modulation that is exploited by tumors to evade both innate and adaptive immune destruction. A. Sequential assembly of the septal cell envelope prior to V snapping in Corynebacterium glutamicum. This approach enables two measurements: glycocalyx height and the distribution of individual sugars distal from the membrane. Isotopic recoding is achieved via metabolic incorporation of a defined mixture of N-acetylglucosamine isotopologs into N-glycans. Here, we report a synergy between shape-generating processes in the cell interior and the external organization and composition of the cell-surface glycocalyx. Flynn, R. A., Pedram, K., Malaker, S. A., Batista, P. J., Smith, B. View details for Web of Science ID 000237590400012. Identification of ManNAc 6-kinase as a bottleneck for unnatural sialic acid biosynthesis provides a target for expanding the metabolic promiscuity of mammalian cells. One of the most abundant is sulfolipid-1 (SL-1), a tetraacyl-sulfotrehalose glycolipid. APS reductase catalyzes the first committed step of reductive sulfate assimilation in pathogenic bacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and is a promising target for drug development. These two strategies provide a means to selectively modify cell-surface glycans with exogenous probes. View details for Web of Science ID 000259675500001, View details for PubMedCentralID PMC2709988. Bhat, R., Belardi, B., Mori, H., Kuo, P., Tam, A., Hines, W. C., Quynh-Thu Le, Q. T., Bertozzi, C. R., Bissell, M. J. For example, chemical glycoproteomics technologies have enabled the identification of specific glycosylation sites and glycan structures that modulate protein function in a number of biological processes. [88] Her father was a physics professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The sulfite generated in this reaction is utilized in bacteria and plants for the eventual production of essential biomolecules such as cysteine and coenzyme A. summa cum laude in chemistry from Harvard University, where she worked with Professor Joe Grabowski on the design and construction of a photoacoustic calorimeter. View details for Web of Science ID 000243895200017. Harland, C. W., Rabuka, D., Bertozzi, C. R., Parthasarathy, R. Rv2131c from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a CysQ 3 '-phosphoadenosine-5 '-phosphatase. This tutorial review will summarize the history of this emerging field, as well as recent progress in the development and application of bioorthogonal copper-free click cycloaddition reactions. One such metabolite from M. tuberculosis lipid extracts, S881, has been shown to negatively regulate the virulence of M. tuberculosis in mouse infection studies, and its cell-surface localization suggests a role in modulating host-pathogen interactions. The method was applied to the discovery of several new sulfated molecules in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis. Mougous, J. D., Petzold, C. J., Senaratne, R. H., Lee, D. H., Akey, D. L., Lin, F. L., Munchel, S. E., Pratt, M. R., Riley, L. W., Leary, J. The study of the metabolome presents numerous challenges, first among them being the cataloging of its constituents. Finally, we discovered that treatment of mycobacteria with ethambutol, a front-line tuberculosis (TB) drug, significantly increases mycomembrane fluidity. Agard, N. J., Prescher, J. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.carres.2007.05.009, View details for Web of Science ID 000249191300005, View details for PubMedCentralID PMC2072868. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jasms.2006.08.010, View details for Web of Science ID 000244109300001, View details for PubMedCentralID PMC2755055. Upon exposure to mycobacterial cell wall lipids, 166 macrophage proteins showed differential expression. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ab.2005.02.004, View details for Web of Science ID 000229122600012. Barnes, J., Kaushik, S., Bainer, R. O., Sa, J. K., Woods, E. C., Kai, F., Przybyla, L., Lee, M., Lee, H., Tung, J. C., Maller, O., Barrett, A. S., Lu, K. V., Lakins, J. N., Hansen, K. C., Obernier, K., Alvarez-Buylla, A., Bergers, G., Phillips, J. J., Nam, D., Bertozzi, C. R., Weaver, V. M. Glycosyltransferase bump-hole engineering to dissect mucin-type O-glycosylation in the living cell. Gray, M. A., Stanczak, M. A., Mantuano, N. R., Xiao, H., Pijnenborg, J. F., Malaker, S. A., Miller, C. L., Weidenbacher, P. A., Tanzo, J. T., Ahn, G., Woods, E. C., Laubli, H., Bertozzi, C. R. Lysosome-targeting chimaeras for degradation of extracellular proteins. The difference in preferred substrates between L-selectin and MECA-79 may explain the variable activity of MECA-79 as an inhibitor of lymphocyte adhesion to high endothelial venules in lymphoid organs. We apply the strategy to a particularly redundant yet disease-relevant human glycosyltransferase family, the polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferases. In addition to carrying out a pivotal role in parasite persistence/replication within the infected mammal, the trans-sialidase is shed into the bloodstream and induces alterations in the host immune system by modifying the sialylation of the immune cells. Our results suggest that both Gal-6-SO(4) and GlcNAc-6-SO(4) may contribute to L-selectin recognition, either as components of sulfosialyl-Le(X) capping groups or in internal structures. We describe a method for modifying proteins site-specifically using a chemoenzymatic bioconjugation approach. View details for Web of Science ID 000430563200441. These discoveries at the forefront of biological research have motivated the design of synthetic glycoconjugates as tools for the fundamental study of glycobiology and as candidates for future generations of therapeutic and pharmaceutical reagents. Spreading of a mycobacterial cell surface lipid into host epithelial membranes promotes infectivity. Complex aminooxy glycans were synthesized using a new route that features N-pentenoyl hydroxamates as key intermediates that can be readily elaborated chemically and enzymatically. Here we demonstrate that cell surfaces can be engineered to display synthetic bioactive polymers at defined densities by exogenous membrane insertion. The optimal configuration of sulfate esters on the N-acetyllactosamine (Galbeta1-->4GlcNAc) core of sulfosialyl-Le(X), however, remains unsettled. Recently, the ability to modify monosaccharide structures within cellular glycans through metabolic processes has offered a new avenue for biological studies. The lipooligosaccharides (LOS) of Haemophilus ducreyi are highly sialylated, a modification that has been implicated in resistance to host defense and in virulence. Bertozzi subsequently optimized the bioorthogonal reaction using an azide as a binding partner for the fluorescent tag. Imaging analysis of glycan trafficking revealed dramatic reorganization of glycans on the second time scale, including rapid migration to the cleavage furrow of mitotic cells. These mutations activated the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and conferred sensitivity to JAK inhibitors. Preliminary screening has identified compounds that inhibit estrogen sulfotransferase (EST), an enzyme relevant to breast cancer. Detailed biochemical analyses of physiological selectin ligands have revealed a complicated composition of molecules that bind to the selectins in vivo and suggest that there are other requirements for tight binding beyond simple carbohydrate multimerization. Here we report an approach to the imaging of glycans that enables their visualization in the enveloping layer during the early stages of zebrafish embryogenesis. The ability to access glycopeptides of this type through chemical synthesis will facilitate further mechanistic studies. Vocadlo, D. J., Hang, H. C., Kim, E. J., Hanover, J. Physiological blood-brain transport is impaired with age by a shift in transcytosis. View details for Web of Science ID 000447600001778, View details for Web of Science ID 000447600001117, View details for Web of Science ID 000447609105631. Finally, the Delta papA2 and Delta papA1 mutants were screened for virulence defects in a mouse model of infection. Here we use combinatorial target-guided ligand assembly to discover the first known inhibitors of human TPST-2. Here we introduce click-EM, a labeling technique for correlative light microscopy and EM imaging of nonprotein biomolecules. Spiciarich, D. R., Oh, S. T., Foley, A., Hughes, S. B., Mauro, M. J., Abdel-Wahab, O., Press, R. D., Viner, R., Thompson, S. L., Chen, Q., Azadi, P., Bertozzi, C. R., Maxson, J. E. Cyclopropane Modification of Trehalose Dimycolate Drives Granuloma Angiogenesis and Mycobacterial Growth through Vegf Signaling. A major obstacle to tuberculosis (TB) control is the problem of chronic TB infection (CTBI). Here we present a strain-promoted [3 + 2] cycloaddition between cyclooctynes and azides that proceeds under physiological conditions without the need for a catalyst. We previously described a chemical method to image glycans during zebrafish larval development; however, we were unable to detect glycans during the first 24 hours of embryogenesis, a very dynamic period in development. The active site residues of Rv3406 and AtsK are essentially superimposable, suggesting that the two sulfatases share the same catalytic mechanism. A., Engleman, E. G., Bertozzi, C. R. A bulky glycocalyx fosters metastasis formation by promoting G1 cell cycle progression. To verify incorporation of the nonnatural sugars at N-glycan core positions, endoglycosidase H (endoH)-digested peptides from a purified secretory glycoprotein, Ygp1, were analyzed by mass spectrometry. This pathway is regulated by diverse environmental cues and regulatory proteins that mediate sulfur transactions in the cell. Here, we report an assay for mycobacterial strain assignment based on genetically conserved mycobacterial sulfatases. Termed isotopic signature transfer and mass pattern prediction (IsoStamp), the technique exploits the perturbing effects of a dibrominated chemical tag on a peptide's mass envelope, which can be detected with high sensitivity and fidelity using a computational method. A recently developed technology, termed metabolic oligosaccharide engineering, enables glycan labeling with probes for visualization in cells and living animals, and enrichment of specific glycoconjugate types for proteomic analysis. Using this procedure, we found that the rate constant for the cycloaddition reaction of DIFBO with an azide exceeds those for difluorinated cyclooctyne (DIFO) and dibenzocyclooctyne (DIBO). In previous work, we demonstrated that H. ducreyi scavenges sialic acid from the extracellular milieu and incorporates those residues into LOS. We used this strategy to construct a paracrine signaling network in isolated 3-dimensional microtissues. Sialic acid is a major determinant of carbohydrate-receptor interactions in many systems pertinent to human health and disease. In addition to being a constituent of glycerolipids and a source of energy, palmitate also covalently attaches to numerous cellular proteins via a process named palmitoylation. Molecules terminated with Texas Red lie flat at the membrane (height, 0 +/- 2 nm), implying that interactions between Texas Red and the bilayer dominate the polymers' free energy. Chen, X., Tam, U. C., Czlapinski, J. L., Lee, G. S., Rabuka, D., Zettl, A., Bertozzi, C. R. Probing mucin-type O-linked glycosylation in living animals. Surprisingly, we find cleavable valine-citrulline linkers can be processed rapidly after internalization without lysosomal delivery. This imaging approach should further our understanding of basic metabolic processes and pathological alterations in multiple disease models. Previously, we developed isotope-targeted glycoproteomics (IsoTaG) as a mass-independent mass spectrometry method to characterize azide-labeled intact glycopeptides from complex proteomes. We designed synthetically tractable glycosylated polymers that possess rodlike extended conformations similar to natural mucins. Recognized for its roles in membrane tethering, cellular signaling, and protein trafficking, palmitoylation is also emerging as a potential regulator of metabolism. WebThis years prize amount is 10 million Swedish kronor (about 920,000 U.S. dollars), to be shared equally between the three laureates. Screening of a saturation mutagenesis library of the E. coli methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS) led to the discovery of three MetRS mutants capable of incorporating the long-chain amino acid azidonorleucine into recombinant proteins with modest efficiency. View details for DOI 10.1146/annurev.biochem.71.110601.135334, View details for Web of Science ID 000177352600021. Carolyn R. Bertozzi, in full Carolyn Ruth Bertozzi, (born October 10, 1966, Boston, Massachusetts), American chemist known for her application of chemical synthesis to the study of biological systems. View details for DOI 10.1073/pnas.0809218105, View details for Web of Science ID 000260913800030, View details for PubMedCentralID PMC2579359. This review focuses on recent advances in chemical tools to study the specificity and dynamics of mammalian lectins in live cells. Bertozzi completed her undergraduate degree in Chemistry at Harvard University and her Ph.D. at UC Berkeley, focusing on the chemical synthesis of oligosaccharide analogs. Our study supports an essential role of one of the GalNAc-Ts - GALNT3, in EOC dissemination, including its implication in modulating PTMs and EOC metabolism. View details for DOI 10.1073/pnas.1213186110, View details for Web of Science ID 000313630300024. Here we report an approach toward generating homogeneously glycosylated proteins that involves chemical attachment of aminooxy glycans to recombinantly produced proteins via oxime linkages. Here the identification of a series of uridine-based LpxC inhibitors is presented.

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