[80] The vulnerable flood bank at Spalford was breached again, floodwaters spreading out across the low-lying land, even reaching the River Witham and flooding Lincoln. [87], The fifth largest flood recorded at Nottingham occurred in November 2000, with widespread flooding of low-lying land along the Trent valley, including many roads and railways. Due to the relatively small size of the Trent and its tributaries such as the Fowlea Brook, which drained these towns, the river and brooks were unable to dilute the inflow of domestic sewage and soon became overwhelmed and badly polluted. [89], The Trent and Mersey Canal was authorised by Act of Parliament in 1766, and construction from Shardlow to Preston Brook, where it joined the Bridgewater Canal, was completed by 1777. The Trent now flows south-east past the town of Rugeley until it reaches Kings Bromley where it meets the Blithe. [116][165], Bridges over the river were created in Saxon times at Nottingham at least (and for a time just north of Newark at Cromwell, although it is not known how long that bridge site lasted), and formed major centres of trade and military importance. [13][14][15] At West Stockwith the Trent is joined by the Chesterfield Canal and the River Idle and soon after enters Lincolnshire fully, passing to the west of Scunthorpe. [117] Angling clubs in Burton used the Dove or local lakes for fishing, as the Trent through the town was absent of any fish. Although not quite as large as 1795 this flood devastated many places along the river, at Burton upon Trent much of the town was inundated, with flooded streets and houses, and dead animals floating past in the flood. During lower flows the Trent and its tributaries are heavily influenced by effluent returns from sewage works, especially the Tame where summer flows can be made up of 90% effluent. Due to the size of the flood and the ice entrained in the flow, nearly every bridge along the Trent was badly damaged or washed away. Food was scarce, "in one day 10,000 loaves had to be sent into the town and distributed gratuitously to save people from famine". The average for the whole Trent catchment is 720mm (28in) which is significantly lower than the average for United Kingdom at 1,101mm (43.3in) and lower than that for England at 828mm (32.6in). For example, Birmingham lies at the upper end of the Tame, and Leicester is located towards the head of the Soar. The upper Bann rises in the Mourne Mountains and flows northwest to Lough (lake) Neagh. Lord Paget leased the navigation and the wharf at Burton to George Hayne, while the wharf and warehouses at Wilden were leased by Leonard Fosbrooke, who held the ferry rights and was a business partner of Hayne. [29][30], A distinctive feature of the catchment is the marked variation in the topography and character of the landscape, which varies from the upland moorland headwaters of the Dark Peak, where the highest point of the catchment is the Kinder Scout plateau at 634 metres (2,080ft); through to the intensively farmed and drained flat fenland areas that exist alongside the lower tidal reaches, where ground levels can equal sea level. [154] This led to comments that the river had become too clean for its fish, and its popularity, especially for match fishing, declined from the mid 1980s. The River Trent is the third longest river in England with a length of 298 km, and the second largest in terms of flow, with a basin estimating 10,435 km 2 . [56] [125][144][145][146] Seals have been reported up to near the head of the tidal section at Newark. The cost exceeded the authorised capital by a large margin, with the extra being borrowed, but the company continued to pay a 7 per cent dividend on the original shares and on those created to finance the new work. Efird Commercial Real Estate. Tolls were increased, and a committee recommended improvements to the river. The lowest flows for the river were recorded during the drought of 1976, following the dry winter of 1975/6. [116][161], Glover noted in 1829 that all three types of crossing were still in use on the Derbyshire section of the Trent, but that the fords were derelict and dangerous. key towns of river bann. A number of the smaller Trent tributaries are still named as warping drains, such as Morton warping drain, near Gainsborough. [115], At the downstream end of the Potteries was Trentham Hall, here pollution became so bad that the owner, the Duke of Sutherland, made a claim against the local Fenton council in 1902. In an attempt to improve the situation, the company toyed with the idea of cable-hauled steam tugs, but instead purchased a conventional steam dredger and some steam tugs. [134], Additional nature conservation areas were created beside the river in the 20th century, when a number of disused gravel pits, were rehabilitated as nature reserves. Built as an abbey church, it has a Norman nucleus as well as touches Tip by Amy Bookmark Take Me There OSM 2 Shrewsbury Abbey From Syresham in central England, the Great Ouse flows into East Anglia before entering the Wash, a bay of the North Sea. Riverside lakes near Shardlow act as a reserve water source for Nottingham and Derby, and water is also abstracted at Torksey and Newton-on-Trent for supplies in Lincolnshire. [125] The river remains vulnerable to these pollution events, such as the one that occurred in October 2009 when an accidental release of cyanide from a factory into the sewer system in Stoke-on-Trent, affected the treatment works at Strongford. The river passes through Stoke-on-Trent, Stone, Rugeley, Burton upon Trent and Nottingham before joining the River Ouse at Trent Falls to form the Humber Estuary, which empties into the North Sea between Hull in Yorkshire and Immingham in Lincolnshire. [23][77], The largest known flood was the Candlemas flood of February 1795, which followed an eight-week period of harsh winter weather, rivers froze which that meant mills were unable to grind corn, and then followed a rapid thaw. The flood bank was subsequently strengthened and repaired, following further floods during 1824 and 1852. The catchment is located between the drainage basins of the Severn and its tributary the Avon to the south and west, the Weaver to the north-west, the tributaries of the Yorkshire Ouse to the North and the basins of the Welland, Witham and Ancholme to the east. Polluting substances such as ammonia showed a reduction, as did the biochemical oxygen demand, an indicator of the contamination present in the river. The scale of the ambition of Trent Gateway is large and aims to deliver a functioning watercourse that reduces flood risk, creates habitats and supports the sustainable growth and the local economy across 75km of the river. Efird Companies began in 1965 as the original developer of the Town of River Bend in . [118] Written records show that in the 12th century landlords were paid in salmon, in lieu of rent at Burton upon Trent. [166] King Edward fortified the Nottingham bridge in 920, while a notable battle took place at Burton's bridge in 1322, and another in 1643. There were also negotiations with the London and North Eastern Railway, who were responsible for the Nottingham Canal between Trent Lock and Lenton. Contained within these terraces is evidence of the mega fauna that once lived along the river, the bones and teeth of animals such as the woolly mammoth, bison and wolves that existed during colder periods have all been identified. Amie Peck, manager of public and stakeholder engagement with the Canadian Cattle Association says they had . At Newark, the last bridge on the Trent until modern times, the bridge was rebuilt in 1775. Livestock was badly affected, 72 sheep drowned in Wilford and ten cows were lost in Bridgford. Particular examples included one of 8 feet (2.4m) taken near Donington castle in 1255, and another at King's Mill of 7 feet (2.1m) in 1791. River Great Ouse. Other changes, such as the replacement of town gas with natural gas, saw the end of the polluting and toxic coal tar emissions to rivers in 1963. It meanders almost 190 miles through this Futurescape, from the Tame in the heart of the Midlands to the Humber. The Act gave him absolute control over the building of any wharves and warehouses above Nottingham Bridge. And cuts me from the best of all my land The complex of three bridges provides evidence of attempts to keep a crossing open over slightly more than two hundred years from 1097, with three bridges constructed on the same site but felled by scouring, floods and course migration of the river to the south eroding the bridgehead. [11] To the north-east of Burton the river is joined by the River Dove at Newton Solney and enters Derbyshire, before passing between the villages of Willington and Repton where it turns directly east to reach Swarkestone Bridge. Failure to raise much of the capital resulted in another Act being obtained in 1887, with similar aims and similar results. For that I am the mere of England, that divides A survey in 2003 showed a doubling in the number of sites where evidence, such as spraints and footprints of these elusive animals were found. [115], The Tame pollution also reached the Trent as well, with one of the worse affected reaches being that downstream of the confluence with the Tame through Burton, this being exacerbated by its late introduction of sewage treatment, and the substantial wastewater arising from the breweries in the town. During the 1950s, however, the same problem of effluent dilution that occurred in Stoke began to become significant in Birmingham and the Black Country. [77], Early bridges were vulnerable to floods, and in 1309 many bridges were washed away or damaged by severe winter floods, including Hethbeth Bridge. The last bridge over the river is at Keadby where it is joined by both the Stainforth and Keadby Canal and the River Torne. Up to 0.3 metres (1ft) of deposition could occur in a single season, and depths of 1.5 metres (5ft) have been accumulated over time at some locations. The Trent is the third-longest river in the United Kingdom.Its source is in Staffordshire, on the southern edge of Biddulph Moor.It flows through and drains the North Midlands.The river is known for dramatic flooding after storms and spring snowmelt, which in the past often caused the river to change course. The only toll bridge that remains across the Trent is at Dunham, although it is free to cross on Christmas and Boxing Day. [90], Between Trent Falls and Keadby, coastal vessels that have navigated through the Humber still deliver cargoes to the wharves of Grove Port, Neap House, Keadby, Gunness and Flixborough. Unusually for an English river, the channel altered significantly during historic times, and has been described as being similar to the Mississippi in this respect, especially in its middle reaches, where there are numerous old meanders and cut-off loops. The native and migrant species are still spotted in River Trent where they live on the nature reserves and wetland areas. An extra set of gates were added to Cromwell lock in 1935, effectively creating a second lock, while the Lenton to Trent Lock section was leased from the LNER in 1936, and ultimately purchased in 1946. Jan 1993 - May 202128 years 5 months. [54][57], At the other extreme, extended periods of low rainfall can also cause problems. A description of the breach was given as follows: The bank is formed upon a plain of sandy nature, and when it was broken in 1795, the water forced an immense breach, the size of which may be judged from the fact that eighty loads of faggots and upwards of four hundred tons of earth were required to fill up the hole, an operation which took several weeks to complete. The river turns north-east where it is joined by its largest tributary, the Tame (which is at this point actually the larger, though its earlier length shorter) and immediately afterwards by the Mease, creating a larger river that now flows through a broad floodplain. [46]:3647 Four of these main tributaries, including the Dove and Derwent which drain the upland Peak District, all join within the middle reaches, giving rise to a comparatively energetic river system for the UK. Downstream of Burton upon Trent, the river increasingly trends northwards, cutting off a portion of Nottinghamshire and nearly all of Lincolnshire from his share, north of the Trent. In Nottingham a cart overturned in the floodwaters near the Wilford Road and six people drowned, dwellings nearby were flooded to a depth of 6 feet (1.8m). There is a canoe slalom course at Stone, a purpose built 700m (2,300ft) artificial course at Holme Pierrepont, and various weirs including those at Newark and Sawley are all used for whitewater paddling. The resulting surge overtopped the flood defences in the area near Keadby and Burringham, flooding 50 properties. [49] Rainfall totals in the Tame are not as high as would be expected from the moderate relief, due to the rain shadow effect of the Welsh mountains to the west, reducing amounts to an average of 691mm (27.2in) for the tributary basin. They have also now been sighted at locations such as Wolseley, Willington, and Attenborough. that reckoning how these tracts in compasse be extent, Burton upon Trent, town and urban area (from 2011 built-up area), East Staffordshire borough, administrative county of Staffordshire, west-central England. After the confluence with the Swarbourn, it passes Alrewas and reaches Wychnor, where it is crossed by the A38 dual carriageway, which follows the route of the Roman Ryknild Street. Navigation can be difficult, and there have been a number of incidents with ships running aground and in one case, striking Keadby Bridge. In 1683 the same bridge was partially destroyed by a flood that also meant the loss of the bridge at Newark. The river starts life at Wooley Moor near Bude in Cornwall, just four miles south of the Bristol Sea coast. I'll have the current in this place damm'd up; A huge half-moon, a monstrous cantle out. Though the river is no doubt legally still navigable above Shardlow, it is probable that the agreement marks the end of the use of that stretch of the river as a commercial navigation. The ferry boats used along the Trent ranged in size from small rowing boats, to flat decked craft that could carry livestock, horses, and in some case their associated carts or wagons. Navigation was then extended to Wilden Ferry, near to the more recent Cavendish Bridge, as a result of the efforts of the Fosbrooke family of Shardlow. To the north of Farndon, beside the Staythorpe Power Station the river splits, with one arm passing Averham and Kelham, and the other arm, which is navigable, being joined by the Devon before passing through the market town of Newark-on-Trent and beneath the town's castle walls. This may explain the presence of the Romano-British element rid (cf. These consisted of V shaped alignments of stakes; wattle panels and a large wicker trap and demonstrate that passive fishing techniques were in use on the river. [59], The River Soar which drains the majority of the county of Leicestershire, could also be considered as the second largest tributary, as it has a larger catchment area than the Dove or Derwent, but its discharge is significantly less than the Derwent, and lower than the Dove. [40] Once worked out, the remaining gravel pits which are usually flooded by the relatively high water table have been reused for a wide variety of purposes. [41], The lower sequences of these terraces have been widely quarried for sand and gravel, and the extraction of these minerals continues to be an important industry in the Trent Valley, with some three million tonnes of aggregates being produced each year. [156] Competition from other fisheries such as well stocked ponds and lakes with better amenities and more consistent catches of fish also meant a reduction in the appeal of fishing the Trent. [168][169]) Cavendish Bridge was itself damaged beyond repair by a flood in March 1947, requiring a temporary Bailey bridge to be used until a new concrete span was constructed in 1957. John Jennings MP for Burton-upon-Trent, 1956. Whilst this is not unique for an English river, it does mean that there is an ongoing legacy of issues relating to urban runoff, pollution incidents, and effluent dilution from sewage treatment, industry and coal mining. [59], In terms of rainfall the Derwent receives the highest annual average rainfall, whereas the Devon, which has the lowest average rainfall is the driest catchment of those tabulated. The two locks at Cromwell became one, capable of holding eight Trent barges, dredging equipment was updated, and several of the locks were mechanised. Downstream of Dunham the river passes Church Laneham and reaches Torksey, where it meets the Foss Dyke navigation which connects the Trent to Lincoln and the River Witham. [158], Salmon, a species that became virtually extinct due to historic pollution, have been progressively reintroduced on the tributaries since 1998, with thousands of salmon parr being released into the Dove and its tributary the Churnet each year. [177], Once these early stations reached the end of their functional life, they were usually demolished, although in some cases the sites have been retained and redeveloped as gas fired power stations. The bridges at Wolseley, Wychnor and the main span at Swarkestone were all destroyed. [115], The economic recession in the 1970s meant that there was a considerable contraction of heavy industrial sectors, reducing pollution loadings from factories and foundries. The use of a maritime pilot on the Trent is not compulsory for commercial craft, but is suggested for those without any experience of the river. Students in Alberta will be the first to experience the online grazing simulation game which focuses on the ecosystem services provided by raising cattle on grasslands. The medieval bridges of Burton and Nottingham survived relatively intact until the 1860s, when both were replaced and demolished. Nottingham seems to have been the ancient head of navigation until the Restoration, due partly to the difficult navigation of the Trent Bridge. Welsh rhyd, "ford") in various place names along the Trent, such as Hill Ridware, as well as the Old Englishderived ford. At Yoxall, the flow increases to 12.8m3/s (450cuft/s) due to the input of larger tributaries including the Sow and Blithe. [94], The aim of the improvements was to increase the minimum depth from 2 feet (0.6m) to 3 feet (0.9m). Wilmington, North Carolina, United States. Today, Torksey is an ordinary Lincolnshire village that lies alongside the River Trent and astride the busy A156. [44], During the end of the last Devensian glacial period the formation of Lake Humber in the lowest reaches of the river, meant that substantial lake bed clays and silts were laid down to create the flat landscape of the Humberhead Levels. Last Thursday, its senior eight were out rowing when [5][6], The name "Trent" is possibly from a Romano-British word meaning "strongly flooding". However, a more likely explanation may be that it was considered to be a river that could be crossed principally by means of fords, i.e. See how this river comes me cranking in, [149], The Domesday catalogue showed that there were many successful mills and fisheries along the Trent. [29]:29[35], The less populous rural areas are offset by a number of large urbanised areas including the conurbations of Stoke-on-Trent, Birmingham and the surrounding Black Country in the West Midlands; and in the East Midlands the major university cities and historical county seats of Leicester, Derby and Nottingham. More improvements followed between 1957 and 1960. Underlying the upper reaches of the Trent, are formations of Millstone Grit and Carboniferous Coal Measures which include layers of sandstones, marls and coal seams. Key information about Oxford, Royal Windsor, London and Southend and all the other towns 200+ miles along the River Thames. Hayne subsequently scuppered a barge in King's Lock, and for the next eight years goods had to be transhipped around it. There are also a number of clubs that sail on the open water that has been created as a result of flooded gravel workings which include Hoveringham, Girton, and Attenborough. [98][99], Down river of Shardlow, the non-tidal river is navigable as far as the Cromwell Lock near Newark, except in Nottingham (Beeston Cut & Nottingham Canal) and just west of Nottingham, where there are two lengths of canal, Sawley and Cranfleet cuts. [47][148] More definitive finds from the medieval period were also found at this site and near Colwick. [115][118], The pollution of the "Trent catchment was probably at its worst in the late 1950s",[115] this being the result of the ongoing industrialisation of the urban areas, combined with the interruption and under investment caused by two world wars, which lead to only piecemeal improvements of the sewerage treatment infrastructure taking place. Yet Thames and Severne both in this come short of me, Restrictions on size mean that the largest vessels that can be accommodated are 100m (330ft) long and 4,500 tonnes. There were corresponding increases in dissolved oxygen, an indicator of a healthy river environment. 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