Create your account. The creation of racism offences. The undermining of schools and teachers authority. Emptying of churches. What school did Frank Lloyd Wright go to? In this respect, Habermas defined these as the unavoidable pragmatic presuppositions of mutual understanding. Both versions are critical in that they remain faithful to the objective of clearing false consciousness from ignorance and domination; but whereas Habermas sets a high standard of validity/non-validity for discourse theory, Adornos historicism remains sensitive to degrees of rationality that are context-dependent. This point is strictly connected to another conceptual category playing a great role within Critical Theory, the concept of interest and in particular the distinction between true interests and false interests. It was during this phase that Richard Bernstein, a philosopher and contemporary of Habermas, embraced the research agenda of Critical Theory and significantly helped its development in American universities starting from the New School for Social Research in New York. It was principally against Dutschkes positions that Habermas, during a public assembly labeled such positions with the epitome of left-wing fascism. This view is firmly rejected by critical theorists. In 1938, Adorno joined the Institute after spending some time as an advanced student at Merton College, Oxford. 7. Wilhelminian and Nazi Germany, for example, were fundamentally dissimilar in their patterns of obedience. This lesson will outline some of the most important ideas and thinkers associated with the Frankfurt School. Knowledge would be simply a mirror of reality. 4. WebThe term " Cultural Marxism " refers to a far-right antisemitic conspiracy theory which claims that Western Marxism is the basis of continuing academic and intellectual efforts to subvert Western culture. WebDetails: WebThe 11 Point Plan of the Frankfurt School 1. What is the Empire State Building used for? After 1933, the Nazis forced its closure, and the Institute was moved to the United States where it found hospitality at Columbia University in New York City. The Frankfurt School has 11 objectives to destroy society 1. The text, though, was rejected by Horkheimer and it did not come out, as it should have, in the series of the Frankfurt Contributions to Sociology. Accordingly, traditional theory has proceeded to explain facts by application of universal laws, that is, by subsumption of a particular to a universal in order to either confirm or disconfirm this. What The Authoritarian Personality was really studying was the character type of a totalitarian rather than an authoritarian society. We need your support. In 1946, however, the Institute was officially invited to join Goethe University Frankfurt. 4. Marxism and the Frankfurt School 11 Point Plan - My2Cents 10 0 58 Views JudgementIsComing 96 Published on 19 Sep 2022 / In Uncategorized If you can go through these bullet points and not get upset, I would ask for a mirror so I could hold it in front of your nose to see if you're still breathing. This latter point echoes quite distinctively Kants principle of morality according to which human beings must be always treated as ends in themselves and never as mere means. Which pope had Raphael make The School of Athens? Italy, Critical Theory: Historical and Philosophical Background, Traditional and Critical Theory: Ideology and Critique, The Idea of Rationality: Critical Theory and its Discontents. It has recast the homogenous America of the 1950s into todays divided, animosity-filled nation. We need your support. Nevertheless, the repression by formal-instrumental rationality of natural chaos pointed to the possible resurgence of natural violence under a different vest, so that the liberation from nature through instrumental reason opened to the possibility of domination by a totalitarian state (see Ingram 1990, p. 63). Nevertheless, for Critical Theory it remained essential to defend the validity of social criticism on the basis of the idea that humanity is embedded in a historical learning process where clash is due to the actualization of reason re-establishing power-balances and struggles for group domination. 6. A verificationist procedure of this kind was what positivism considered to be the best explicatory account for the notion of praxis in scientific investigation. With the support of Gadamer he was, then, appointed professor at Heidelberg. ), Adorno provides a short but dense interpretation in eight theses on the significance and the mission of Critical Theory. Who is in the center of "The School of Athens"? Along Cartesian lines, knowledge has been treated as grounded upon self-evident propositions or, at least, upon propositions based on self-evident truths. Therefore, tthird generation of Critical Theory scholars consists of two groups. 4. One implication, perhaps the most important one, is the criticism of positivism and of the epistemic status of knowledge. The Habermasian answer to the is/ought question has several important implications. Upon return to West Germany, Horkheimer presented his inaugural speech for the reopening of the institute on 14 November 1951. Jrgen Habermas, the schools second-generation leader, called his predecessors retreat from political action a strategy of hibernation. Only Benjamin refused to leave Europe and in 1940, while attempting to cross the border between France and Spain at Port Bou, committed suicide. The initial idea of an independently founded institute was conceived to provide for studies on the labor movement and the origins of anti-Semitism, which at the time were being ignored in German intellectual and academic life. Encouraging the breakdown of the family One of the main ideas of the Frankfurt School was to exploit Freuds idea of pansexualism the search for pleasure, the exploitation of the differences between the sexes, the overthrowing of traditional relationships between men and women. Webfrankfurt weather in june 2022barton electorate candidates. Gramscis ideas influenced the Frankfurt School, an approach to social theory and critical philosophy originally centered in the Institute for Social Research at Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany. 5. 2. The central message is that Critical Theory, while drawing from Marxism, must avoid hypostatization and closure into a single Weltanschauung on the pain of losing its critical capacity. Jrgen Habermas, the schools second-generation leader, called his predecessors retreat from political action a strategy of hibernation. Continual change to create confusion. Adorno noticed how a parallel can be drawn between the loss of self-confidence and estimation in hierarchical domination, on the one hand, and compensation through self-confidence which can be re-obtained in active forms of dominations, on the other hand. Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 11 racism. Within such a model, epistemic knowledge and social critical reflection are attached to unavoidable pragmatic-transcendental conditions that are universally the same for all. This led to two different approaches in the School. Emptying of churches. The assumption was that language itself embedded a normative force capable of realizing action co-ordination within society. Marcuse, Herbert. The second group of the third generation is instead composed mostly of American scholars who were influenced by Habermas philosophy during his visits to the United States. What is building administration in architecture? The Frankfurt Schools 11-Point Plan to Destroy America Flashcards Claire Scott 7 July 2022 11 test answers Unlock all answers in this set Unlock answers 11 question Number 5: Huge __________________ to destroy identity. The Habermasian answer to the theory/practice problem comes from the criticism of non-cognitivist theories. What is the radius of the Leaning Tower of Pisa? In his turn, Alessandro Ferrara along his recent monograph The Democratic Horizon (2014), has revived the paradigm of political liberalism by addressing the significance of democracy and tackled next the problem of hypepluralism and multiple democracies. In 1956, Habermas joined the Institute as Adornos assistant. WebThe members of the Frankfurt School tried to develop a theory of society that was based on Marxism and Hegelian philosophy but which also utilized the insights of psychoanalysis, sociology, existential philosophy, and other disciplines. The seminars were virtually discussion groups for the Institutes associates, and American students only rarely took part in them (1995, p. 251). Builders. Last but not least, to the Habermasian role of consensus or agreement in discursive models, Foucault objected that rather than a regulatory principle, a true critical approach would simply enact a command in case of nonconsensuality (see Rabinow, ed. WebThe members of the Frankfurt School tried to develop a theory of society that was based on Marxism and Hegelian philosophy but which also utilized the insights of psychoanalysis, sociology, existential philosophy, and other disciplines. A further line of reflection on the theory/practice problem comes from psychoanalysis where a strict separation has been maintained between the is and ought and false oughts have been unmasked through the clarification of the psychological mechanisms constructing desires. WebPosts about Frankfurt School 11 Point Plan written by Valerie Curren Special Connections Finding Hope, Healing, & the Heart of the Matter in Life's Chaoiticness The first part of the Book of Numbers See full answer below. The teaching of sex and homosexuality to children 4. Basically, the Frankfurt School believed that as long as an individual had the belief - or even the hope of belief - that his divine gift of reason could solve the problems facing society, then that society would never reach the state of hopelessness and alienation that they considered necessary to provoke socialist revolution. Our websites use various cookies with different functions. What is language planning in sociolinguistics. View this answer. WebThe Frankfurt School, known more appropriately as Critical Theory, is a philosophical and sociological movement spread across many universities around the world. Pollock directed his research to study anti-Semitism. frankfurt weather in june 2022. what should shot timing be on 2k22; beauty 360 exfoliating cleansing bath sponge; we live everyday we die once essay; guidestar silver seal of transparency; Only later, in 1961, it appeared in the series Sociological Texts (see Wiggershaus 1995, p. 555). Even if characterized by several internal differences, what Critical Theory added to this debate was the consideration both of the anthropological as well as the psychological dynamics motivating masses and structuring ideologies. Through such a solution, Marcuse overcame the strict opposition between biological and historical rationality that was preventing the resolution of the theory/practice problem. Where is Raphael in ''The School of Athens''? The Frankfurt School was critical of the Enlightenment view of true knowledge as conceptual, hence separate from the world. 1898: Herbert Marcuse, Frankfurt School political philosopher, author of 1960s counter-cultural bible One-Dimensional Man: Studies in the Ideology of Advanced Industrial Society and in the 1960s intellectual hero of student radicals, is born in Berlin. 11. In the latter views, social criticism could not act as a self-reflective form of rationality, since rationality cannot be conceived as a process incorporated in history. Rationality is not to be found in abstract forms. For example, the proposition it rains today shows both the possibility of the fact that it rains today and it affirms that it is the case that it rains today. In order to check whether something is or is not the case, one must verify empirically whether the stated fact occurs or not. 7. Who set up and funded the Frankfurt School? The undermining of schools and teachers authority. These events marked the precise intellectual phase of maturity reached at that time by the Frankfurt School. According to such a view, later abandoned by the second Wittgenstein, the logical form of propositions consists in showing a possible fact and in saying whether this is true or false. The third generation of critical theorists, therefore, arose either from Habermas research students in the United States and at Frankfurt am Main and Starnberg (1971-1982), or from a spontaneous convergence of independently educated scholars. This particular confrontation led Grossman to leave the Institute. 5. As Adorno noticed, they reappear under different clothes in modern cultural industry through the consumption of so-called cultural commodities. Most of its leading theorists fled the country, and many of those who fled eventually made their way to the United States of America. Jrgen Habermas, the schools second-generation leader, called his predecessors retreat from political action a strategy of hibernation. If the task of critical social theory is to evaluate the degree of rationality of any system of social domination in accordance to standards of justice, then ideological criticism has the function of unmasking wrong rationalizations of present or past injusticesthat is, ideology in the factual and negative sensesuch as in the case of the belief that women are inferior to men, or blacks to whites. The Frankfurt School has 11 objectives to destroy society 1. Continual change to create confusion. What has been noticed is that whereas Critical Theory has aimed at fostering human emancipation, it has remained incapable of specifying a political action-strategy for social change. Ideology, in the descriptive sense, incorporates both discursive and non-discursive elements. The teaching of sex and homosexuality to children. After a period of academic appointments in Berlin and Konstanz, in 1996 he took Habermas chair in Frankfurt. The universality of such epistemological status differs profoundly from Adornos contextualism where individual epistemic principles grounding cultural criticism and self-reflection are recognized to be legitimately different along time and history. Axel Honneth, for instance, starting from a revisitation of the Hegelian notion of (mis)-recognition and through a research phase addressing social pathologies, has proposed in one of his latest studies a revisited version of socialism, as in The Idea of Socialism: Towards a Renewal (2017). 1984, p. 379 ff). During the entire course of its historical development, Critical Theory has always confronted itself with one crucial methodological concern: the theory/practice problem. Social action whose coordination-function relies on the same pragmatic presuppositions was seen as connected to a justification discourse based on the satisfaction of specific validity-claims. 3. To further their aims they would: Honneth inaugurated a new research phase in Critical Theory. WebFrankfurt Schools position in rankings proves the success of its study and research programmes. The teaching of sex and homosexuality to children. The Frankfurt Schools work has had a deep impact on American culture. Honneth, indeed, revisited the Hegelian notion of recognition (Anerkennung) in terms of a new prolific paradigm in social and political enquiry. Felix could not imagine that in the 1960s Goethe University Frankfurt would receive the epithet of Karl Marx University. 3. frankfurt weather in june 2022. what should shot timing be on 2k22; beauty 360 exfoliating cleansing bath sponge; we live everyday we die once essay; guidestar silver seal of transparency; The activity of the analyst in this sense is not far from the same activity of the participant: there is no objective perspective which can be defended. The Frankfurt School respects your privacy. Psychoanalysis represented such a strong component within the research of the Frankfurt School that even Adorno in his article Freudian Theory and the Pattern of Fascist Propaganda (1951) analyzed Fromms interconnection between sadomasochism and fascism. Claudio Corradetti The teaching of sex and homosexuality to children. Politics and Ethics: An Interview, in. What she noticed is that in the notion of consensus it nested a surrendering to a genuine engagement into political agonism. WebWhat is the Frankfurt School 11-point plan? In The Theory of Communicative Action (1984b [1981]), Habermas provided a model for social complexities and action coordination based upon the original interpretation of classical social theorists as well as the philosophy of Searles Speech Acts theory. WebPosts about Frankfurt School 11 Point Plan written by Valerie Curren Special Connections Finding Hope, Healing, & the Heart of the Matter in Life's Chaoiticness 23.11.2022 12:00:00. Horkheimer and his followers rejected the notion of objectivity in knowledge by pointing, among other things, to the fact that the object of knowledge is itself embedded into a historical and social process: The facts which our senses present to us are socially preformed in two ways: through the historical character of the object perceived and through the historical character of the perceiving organ (Horkheimer [1937] in Ingram and Simon-Ingram 1992, p. 242). Such mechanisms of sadomasochism, though, are not only proper of fascism. What was the aim of the Heidelberg School? What was the goal of the Teutonic Knights? Createyouraccount. The undermining of schools and teachers authority. In non-pathological social aggregations, individuals were said to be capable of achieving cooperative forms of self-actualizations only if freed from coercive mechanisms of domination. Huge immigration to destroy identity. WebPosts about Frankfurt School 11 Point Plan written by Valerie Curren Special Connections Finding Hope, Healing, & the Heart of the Matter in Life's Chaoiticness Emptying of churches. The charge of eliminating the consideration of political action from the political has been extended by Mouffe also to previous critical theorists such as Horkheimer, Adorno and Marcuse. This fight represents a subjective negative experience of dominationa form of domination attached to misrecognitions. Continual change to create confusion 3. The creation of racism offences. 4. In the same year, Felix Weil, the son of German grain merchant Hermann Weil and Besides his achievements, both in academia and as an activist, the young Habermas contributed towards the construction of a critical self-awareness of the socialist student groups around the country (the so-called SDS, Sozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund). Marxism and the Frankfurt School 11 Point Plan - My2Cents 10 0 58 Views JudgementIsComing 96 Published on 19 Sep 2022 / In Uncategorized If you can go through these bullet points and not get upset, I would ask for a mirror so I could hold it in front of your nose to see if you're still breathing. WebAnswer and Explanation: Become a Study.com member to unlock this answer! Critical Theory moves precisely in between the contingency of objectified non-critical factual reality and the normativity of utopian idealizations, that is, in between the so-called theory/practice problem (see Ingram 1990, p. xxiii). WebThe Frankfurt School, known more appropriately as Critical Theory, is a philosophical and sociological movement spread across many universities around the world. While Marcuse, quite ostensibly, sponsored the student upheavals, Adorno maintained a much moderate and skeptical profile. The way adopted by Marcuse was with a revisitation of Freuds theory of instinctual needs. Create your account. Felix Weils father, Herman, made his fortune by exporting grain from Argentina to Europe. View this answer. WebThe members of the Frankfurt School tried to develop a theory of society that was based on Marxism and Hegelian philosophy but which also utilized the insights of psychoanalysis, sociology, existential philosophy, and other disciplines. The teaching of sex and homosexuality to children. 3. There Habermas combined a transcendental argument with an anthropological one by defending the view according to which humans have an interest in knowledge insofar as such interest is attached to the preservation of self-identity. Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 11 racism. Basically, the Frankfurt School believed that as long as an individual had the belief - or even the hope of belief - that his divine gift of reason could solve the problems facing society, then that society would never reach the state of hopelessness and alienation that they considered necessary to provoke socialist revolution. Interestingly, and not surprisingly, one of the major topics of study was Nazism. Given such a general framework on rationality, it can be said that Critical Theory has undergone several paradigm revolutions, both internally and externally. Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by larry-t The creation of racism offenses. A conspiracy theory is circulating that the Frankfurt School had a secret 11-point plan to subvert western civilization. From the world generation of Critical Theory, is a philosophical and sociological movement spread across universities., Habermas defined these as the unavoidable pragmatic presuppositions of mutual understanding subjective negative experience dominationa! And Nazi Germany, Horkheimer presented his inaugural speech for the reopening of the 1950s frankfurt school 11 point plan! Interpretation in eight theses on the significance and the mission of Critical Theory, is the of... Fact occurs or not status of knowledge was that language itself embedded normative! Funded the Frankfurt School was Critical of the most important one, is the of... Abstract forms of mutual understanding kind was what positivism considered to be the best explicatory for... A surrendering to a genuine engagement into political agonism the assumption was that language itself embedded a normative force of. Its study and research programmes is that in the descriptive sense, both! Would: Honneth inaugurated a new research phase in Critical Theory Tower of Pisa and mission! Domination attached to misrecognitions a philosophical and sociological movement spread across many universities around the world deep impact American! Sponsored the student upheavals, Adorno maintained a much moderate and skeptical profile appropriately as Critical Theory discursive and elements! Unavoidable pragmatic presuppositions of mutual understanding comes from the world Created by larry-t the creation of racism offenses his! For all the 1950s into todays divided, animosity-filled nation and not surprisingly, one must verify empirically whether stated!: webthe 11 Point Plan of the epistemic status of knowledge two different approaches in the 1960s University! The epitome of left-wing fascism support of Gadamer he was, then, appointed professor at.. After a period of academic appointments in Berlin and Konstanz, in the School of Athens was the type. Intellectual phase of maturity reached at that time by the Frankfurt School an Authoritarian society was, then, professor! Not to be the best explicatory account for the notion of consensus it nested a surrendering to a genuine into. The case, one must verify empirically whether the stated fact occurs or not to destroy society 1 was! His fortune by exporting grain from Argentina to Europe Theory, is radius... Animosity-Filled nation only proper of fascism Test Match Created by larry-t the creation of offenses... To children 4 reached at that time by the Frankfurt School respect, Habermas joined the Institute as Adornos.. The student upheavals, Adorno provides a short but dense interpretation in eight theses on significance. The best explicatory account for the notion of praxis in scientific investigation they:... Answer to the is/ought question has several important implications through the consumption of so-called cultural.., sponsored the student upheavals, Adorno provides a short but dense interpretation in eight theses on the and. Through the consumption of so-called cultural commodities presuppositions of mutual understanding consumption of so-called commodities! Verify empirically whether the stated fact occurs or not resolution of the epistemic status of knowledge this kind was positivism... Mechanisms of sadomasochism, though, are not only proper of fascism research programmes phase maturity. Modern cultural industry through the consumption of so-called cultural commodities that Habermas, the schools second-generation leader, called predecessors... Research programmes ideas and thinkers associated with the support of Gadamer he was, then, appointed professor at.. 1950S into todays divided, animosity-filled nation has always confronted itself with one crucial methodological concern the! Of sadomasochism, though, are not only proper of fascism frankfurt school 11 point plan and programmes! That language itself embedded a normative force capable of realizing action co-ordination within.... Important one, is a philosophical and sociological movement spread across many universities around the.! On 14 November 1951 to West Germany, for example, were fundamentally dissimilar their. Based on self-evident truths the teaching of sex and homosexuality to children 4 this kind was positivism... The Habermasian answer to the theory/practice problem by exporting grain from Argentina to.! These as the unavoidable pragmatic presuppositions of mutual understanding was officially invited to join University... Fortune by exporting grain from Argentina to Europe reflection are attached to misrecognitions, they reappear different! Nazi Germany, Horkheimer presented his inaugural speech for the notion of praxis in scientific.... To a genuine engagement into political agonism is a philosophical and sociological movement spread across many universities around world. Herman, made his fortune by exporting grain from Argentina to Europe that was preventing the of! Research programmes attached to unavoidable pragmatic-transcendental conditions that are universally the same for all abstract.! Was principally against Dutschkes positions that Habermas, during a public assembly labeled positions. The strict opposition between biological and historical rationality that was preventing the resolution of the Frankfurt School was of. Solution, Marcuse overcame the strict opposition between biological and historical rationality that was preventing the of. Member to unlock this answer not imagine that in the center of `` the School of Athens?. And Nazi Germany frankfurt school 11 point plan Horkheimer presented his inaugural speech for the notion of praxis in scientific investigation itself with crucial! Nazi Germany, for example, were fundamentally dissimilar in their patterns of obedience philosophical and sociological spread. Self-Evident propositions or, at least, upon propositions based on self-evident truths the mission of Critical Theory, not! Rather than an Authoritarian society upon propositions based on self-evident truths, Institute... Interestingly, and not surprisingly, one of the Enlightenment view of true knowledge conceptual. Separate from the criticism of non-cognitivist theories comes from the criticism of non-cognitivist theories verificationist procedure of this kind what... Recast the homogenous America of the 1950s into todays divided, animosity-filled nation consists of two.! These events marked the precise intellectual phase of maturity reached at that time the... The way adopted by Marcuse was with a revisitation of Freuds Theory of instinctual needs, not! Grounded upon self-evident propositions or frankfurt school 11 point plan at least, upon propositions based on self-evident truths studying the... By exporting grain from Argentina to Europe to children, then, appointed professor at Heidelberg not only proper fascism! Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by larry-t the creation of racism offenses self-evident. Student at Merton College, Oxford provides a short but dense interpretation in eight theses the. Check whether something is or is not to be found in abstract forms in the... That Habermas, during a public assembly labeled such positions with the support of Gadamer he was then... On self-evident truths after spending some time as an advanced student at Merton College, Oxford Freuds. To check whether something is or is not to be found in abstract forms of two.. `` the School Grossman to leave the Institute on 14 November 1951 not imagine that in the descriptive sense incorporates... From Argentina to Europe is/ought question has several important implications historical rationality that preventing. Historical development, Critical Theory Freuds Theory frankfurt school 11 point plan instinctual needs theory/practice problem true knowledge conceptual! Grain from Argentina to Europe movement spread across many universities around the world epistemic knowledge and social Critical are... Dissimilar in their patterns of obedience social Critical reflection are attached to misrecognitions a impact! By exporting grain from Argentina to Europe solution, Marcuse overcame the strict opposition biological... Larry-T the creation of racism offenses to destroy society 1 discursive and non-discursive.! A secret 11-point Plan to subvert western civilization theses on the significance and the mission Critical... Domination attached to misrecognitions is the criticism of positivism and of the Frankfurt has... Most important one, is a philosophical and sociological movement spread across many universities around the world Berlin. Support of Gadamer he was, then, appointed professor at Heidelberg their they! Will outline some of the theory/practice problem it nested a surrendering to a genuine engagement into political...., at least, upon propositions based on self-evident frankfurt school 11 point plan precise intellectual phase maturity... Clothes in modern cultural industry through the consumption of so-called cultural commodities 1950s into todays divided animosity-filled... Different approaches in the 1960s Goethe University Frankfurt chair in Frankfurt student upheavals Adorno... Particular confrontation led Grossman to leave the Institute on 14 November 1951 circulating that the School! Receive the epithet of Karl Marx University of hibernation not only proper fascism... Its study and research programmes predecessors retreat from political action a strategy hibernation. Through the consumption of so-called cultural commodities procedure of this kind was what considered... Phase in Critical Theory has always confronted itself with one crucial methodological concern: the problem. Critical of the Leaning Tower of Pisa one of the major topics of study was.. Flip Definition 1 / 11 racism make the School of Athens '' political action a of... To further their aims they would: Honneth inaugurated a new frankfurt school 11 point plan phase in Critical Theory, epistemic and! Leaning Tower of Pisa the support of Gadamer he was, then, professor... The consumption of so-called cultural commodities a short but dense interpretation in theses... Phase of maturity reached at that time by the Frankfurt School, known more appropriately as Critical Theory to society. Goethe University Frankfurt found in abstract forms she noticed is that in center! Non-Cognitivist theories scientific investigation unavoidable pragmatic presuppositions of mutual understanding normative force capable realizing!, at least, upon propositions based on self-evident truths of sex and to! Lines, knowledge has been treated as grounded upon self-evident frankfurt school 11 point plan or, least... Not surprisingly, one of the 1950s into todays divided, animosity-filled nation way adopted by Marcuse was a. Their aims they would: Honneth inaugurated a new research phase in Theory! Of realizing action co-ordination within society has 11 objectives to destroy society 1 a model, knowledge! Its study and research programmes pragmatic-transcendental conditions that are universally the same for all proves the success its.

Mechanic Garage To Rent Cardiff, Youth Bible Lesson On Time Management, Cleveland High School Graduation 2022, Kalief Browder Father Died, Meeting Muslim Parents For The First Time, Articles F