Thus, from 1914 to 1946, 1963, 1967, 1976, 1987 and 1993 the Nigerian Central Versus Provincial These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. For a better explanation of the theory of federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ The definition of federalism is straightforward: it is the federal principle or system of government. It is always recommended to visit an institution's official website for more information. In 1788, Fisher Ames of Massachusetts made a declaration to increase the powers of the national government. An action of one government is always opposed by other government to enforce civil rights in Southern states. You cannot drive a horse in Indiana above a set speed limit of 10mph. As far back as 1946, during the era of British colonization, Nigeria adopted federalism, a form of government with decentralized power, such that Nigerias three regions- the Northern, Eastern, and Western regions- had equal powers. When the central and state governments, both work hand-in-hand for the development of their economy, with a degree of freedom that is necessary . What characteristics allow plants to survive in the desert? What Are The Advantages Of Federalism? Each state has the power to trail policies that the citizens consider more important. The states' territories were formed around ethnic groups with common interest and close ties, culture, and dialects. New York: Harper & Row, 1984. The local governments could distribute resources first instead of relying on the national government like the island because of the availability of local resources. The desire to have war powers was also one of the reasons why national government power was increased since 1788. If you go to Colorado, then it is illegal to keep a couch on your porch. To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. No doubt, the Ethnic, Religious and Geographical nature of Nigeria also contributed to the reason why federalism was adopted. This particular corroborated federalism in Nigeria. Another government might offer a significant tax break to a company that encourages them to place offices in one location and not another. Nigeria became a federation of three regions in 1954 while today it is a federation of thirty-six states. History of federal system of government in nigeria. This is because most people after they have committed a crime in a particular state, they escape and move to other states. Since gaining independence, the countries Nigeria looked up to using this system of government, and the zeal of the founding fathers to replicate such development at home, made them adopt federalism. %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz Sharing of power between the center and the states can also be disadvantageous. All variables measure of fiscal federalism had a positive relationship with per capita income excluding revenue allocated to the LGA's, that of mortality rate had a negative relationship with the variables . What Countries Use Federalism? Another important factor that necessitated federalism in Nigeria was the political culture of the country. (2019, November 23). Federalism allows local governments to fight the national governments. This process can create positive or negative results. Even the masses in the rural areas of the country are allowed to participate in politics by electing their representatives into office. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Rather there has been more challenges than benefits of this federal system. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. The federal system increases the opportunities for average citizens to participate in government. Other forms of government do not offer such an opportunity. Also see: Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, reasons for federal system of government in nigeria. The Attorney General sought to know whether the 13% sharing formula of the oil producing states should include revenue from oil producing states should include revenue from oil production activities off shore. Even the European Union is an example of federalism. It was believed that federal system of government would take care of the interest of the minority and human rights that had been the fear of the minority under colonial rule. Unless specified, this website is not in any way affiliated with any of the institutions featured. The federal system makes government more manageable. Federalism is very important to make sure that people from every part of the country have a representative in the decision-making groups (i.e. With the creation of Katsina and Akwa Ibom in 1987, the country became a federation of 21 States. It is a form of government that has been adopted by many countries around the world, and it has a number of advantages that make it an attractive option for countries seeking to balance the need for national unity with the desire for regional autonomy and diversity. A federal system, in which units exist only for political or pacifist reasons, forebodes a great burden for fiscal federalism. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Elected officials are closer to what a citizen is than a state official under this structure, which means people can visit a local office to express their opinions without a fear of judgment. For example, when typhoon Katrina hit Greater New Orleans, USA, in 2005, there was delay in the rescue work as there was confusion between the state governments and the federal government on who is responsible for which disaster management work. November 23, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ For example, in countries with states that speak different languages, regional schools can provide multilingual education. Because communities can set their own laws (within reason) under a federalist structure, it becomes possible for some population groups to place the wants of the majority over the needs of the entire community. Required fields are marked *. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. It needs proper review so that the country can move forward as a nation. Also read: Highest paying law firms in Nigeria. IvyPanda, 23 Nov. 2019, ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/. The needs of the people in Seattle may be very different than those who live in the population centers around Miami. The central government can concentrate more on international affairs and defense of the country while the provincial government can cater to the local needs. IvyPanda. You can use them for inspiration, an insight into a particular topic, a handy source of reference, or even just as a template of a certain type of paper. Have you ever wondered why Nigeria is practicing a federal system of government and not any other system? Federalism encourages innovation in governing. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria explained. Figures are often tossed around about how much money we could save without it - $9 billion, $20 billion, or more. Moreover, Seen in its entirety, all stakeholders have to brace up their resolve for national rebirth as we all . Nigeria has seen itself as a federal structure since its transition from colonialism in 1960, although it has undergone periods of parliamentary and presidential federalism . Present Nigeria was formed by the amalgamation of two regions which many see as a big influence in why federalism was later adopted by the British and later on by Nigerian leaders as at the time of independence. Then Nigeria was organised into a federation that had three regions. READ ALSO: Reasons for political apathy in Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria. Among the merits of federalism are that it promotes policy innovation and political participation and accommodates diversity of opinion. Hurry Now click here to Apply >> Immigrate to Canada (i)Cultural diversity, (ii) fear of domination by minorities, (iii). 6. Nigeria's federalism as well as the federal character principle application to the extent that there is today a growing concern that the situation produces some ripple No Payment is Required! 2019. What is the role of a reference librarian? Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. /BitsPerComponent 8 5. 2 Which of the following could be considered of the advantages of federalism and decentralization? Different states also have different laws making it hard to enforce law on visitors who had moved in the state. The federal government has got many powers as stated in the constitution. Not only is Nigerias population compared to those of other countries, huge; but it is also growing daily. This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. He is also a Developer with knowledge in HTML, CSS, JS, PHP and React Native. Federal systems have at least two levels of government, the central level and a second level that includes territorial entities into which the country is divided, e.g. Federalism was implemented in Nigeria as way back as 1946 during the British colonial era. or this it really helped me, Your email address will not be published. Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. Endogenous (De)centralization The key intuition of fiscal federalism theory is that the benefits of decentralization are positively correlated with the geographic The U.S. government threatened to pull funding from the cities choosing this action, and then filed suit against them in an effort to try getting compliance. So, our federalist form of government has several advantages, such as protecting us from tyranny, dispersing power, increasing citizen participation, and increasing effectiveness, and disadvantages, such as supposedly protecting slavery and segregation, increasing inequalities between states, states blocking national This is where the regional government steps in. Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. The powers that exist between the federal and state government also depends on the constitution. There are some states which pursue policies which frustrate national policy because they cause them to sacrifice some of their interests to local interests such as segregation. The top 1% of income earners own a majority of the wealth increases experienced since 2009. What is the advantage of federal state structure? The fear of ethnic groups overlapping regional boundaries and the loyalties of castes cutting of some extent across provincial political boundaries also encourage some groups to support wider federal unions. Both scenarios pose a threat to the countries integrity. What are the advantages of federalism in Nigeria? Need to regulate interstate commerce power. Under this type, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a state. Several positive and negative attributes of federalism have manifested themselves in the U.S. political system. in or register, 1. Federalism also causes disunity due to diversity in language, culture, religion and economy. This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. As I have already explained, Nigeria is an amalgamation of three different regions with beliefs and customs. Proportional representation (PR) systems are argued to be the political system most advantageous to women's political representation. ! The government of Murtala Mohammed created additional 7 states in 1976 which made Nigeria to become a federation of 19 states. . These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. It allows different localities to adapt their policies to the needs and wishes of local populations. This process is usually a healthy way to help keep households safe no matter where they are in the country. The Babangida administration followed the same step and created 21 states and more local governments. In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. federalism. 2.3 It Creates Protection Against Tyranny. Government Structure and Systems of Government Federal Government. /Filter /DCTDecode This structure allows each group to live in a way that maximizes their safety while minimizing effort. Some governments are trying it, while others or not. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. The main task of the fiscal federalism is to raise and spend money. 150 Cute Korean girl names and their meanings you will love, 100+ romantic love messages for husband to make him feel loved, Elon Musk loses richest man title again as Bill Gates threatens Jeff Bezos, Dangote slides, ANA congratulates Tinubu, warns Obasanjo against undermining democracy, Know your State's returning officers for 2023 presidential election as INEC declares Tinubu president-elect, 2023 presidential election results: Full list of states Labour Party's Peter Obi won, Work with Soludo: Metchi tells Tony Nwoye, Macpee, Emeka Idu. Throughout history, it has been a political system where 2+ governments share authority over the same geographical area. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. In other not to control only some parts of the big country, Nigeria, the colonial masters thought it wise to divide the country into different component units that will be represented in the government. The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria Charas Madu Tella, Ahmed Wali Doho, Aliyu Bapeto Abstract Federalism is a political philosophy in which members of a group are . The states were later increased to 30 states. It is difficult to enforce law on criminals because of federalism. Others do not. Federalism promotes efficiency of government: distribution of power between the state and nation provides division of work and specialization of functions. 7. Keep it up , Yes , I love it and I was sentitize on those reasons. In theory, Nigeria is a three-tier federation, with local, state, and federal levels designated by federal law. Federalism therefore involves the linkage of individuals, groups and policies in lasting but limited union in such a way as to provide for the energetic pursuit of common goals while maintaining the respective integrities of all parties. Parliamentary and Unitary system of government were in operation in Nigeria between 1914 and 1946. Examples of countries that practice federalism with a rigid constitution are; Nigeria, US etc. In a federal system, power is shared by the national and state governments. IvyPanda. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. If you answer to the above questions is no, then you lucky to be here. In Nigeria, it could be argued that our federal system of government is the creation of British colonialism. A federal system allows citizens to compare political systems and 'vote with their feet' by moving to a state they find more congenial. Federalism in Nigeria is one of the most expensive. This is a lesson from the tutorial, Structure and Systems of Government and you are encouraged to log In conclusion, federalism has both advantages and disadvantages. stream The case for federalism in Nigeria has been to accommodate and manage diversity while taking economic advantage of its sheer size and population to promote development. There are times when blocking the implementation of federal law is beneficial. The Constitution designates certain powers to be the domain of a central government, and others are specifically reserved to the state governments. Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. When a government is closer to its citizens, then it can provide a responsive solution when there are citizen needs, emergency situations, or changes that are necessary in the structure of laws. That means some people in the U.S. must follow four different sets of laws. An example of this disadvantage involves the decision by several local and some state governments to become sanctuary designations where law enforcement does not help ICE in the U.S. with immigration detainment. The nation also wanted to have the power to address issues such as great depressions that it was facing due to failures in economic, political and social issues. 4. But nigeria today became the proudable and bearable country, It is said that there are over three hundred and fifty (350) ethnic groups in Nigeria. On the other hand; a constitution is unitary when there are created by the law made by the central legislature and their existence depends upon the government to control, supervision of the central government. So, our federalist form of government has several advantages, such as protecting us from tyranny, dispersing power, increasing citizen participation, and increasing effectiveness, and disadvantages, such as supposedly protecting slavery and segregation, increasing inequalities between states, states blocking national . Opinion. The history of Ijaw, Edo, Igala, Yoruba, Igbo, Nupe and Hausa Kingdoms are enriched with social-political relationships that existed before the emergence of the white man. Nigeria are typically inclined to the derivation principle, which is the process of distributing centrally generated revenue to constituent units with regards to the contribution made by a group to the country's more 12substantial income. One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. The governmental powers are shared between the federal government and the thirty-six state governments. fiscal federalism and Nigeria development indexes (measured in terms of per capita income, literacy rate and infant mortality rate). Discuss the advantages of federalism Explain the disadvantages of federalism The federal design of our Constitution has had a profound effect on U.S. politics. By way of conclusion, it is imperative to know that the reason why Nigeria is still practicing federalism today is because the system seems to be suitable for our political value and culture. Nigeria is currently made up of 36 states, with Abuja as the capital. Provincial, state or local government representatives live in close proximity to the people and are most of the times from the same community, so that they are in a better position to understand these problems and offer unique solutions for them. This resulted in the loss of many lives. The contradictions generated by this rigional arrangement threatened Nigeria unity. +roiF9_? AK ku nh4P9\ }}31Ik "V mk@G~ . By and large, it is the nature of the relationship of the federal and state governments that determines whether a state is federal or unitary. Federalism often protects the will of the majority at any cost. 1. limits the power of federal officials to determine local polices. What are the negative effects of federalism? Federalism makes it possible for some population groups to place the wants of the majority over the needs of the entire community. We are constantly told that federalism is a wasteful, costly system of government, which produces nothing more than duplication and buck-passing. While formulating policies, local needs, tastes and opinions are given due consideration by the state governments. In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. These include: 1. The full explanation of Nigeria's federalism. Federalism creates a protection against tyranny. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Federalism can create uncertainty. Pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy. The federal system of government is very expensive as more people are elected to office, both at the state and the center, than necessary. Fiscal Federalism In Nigeria - Understanding The Core Issues By Kayode Oladele. I enjoin you to read the advantages and disadvantages of a written constitution here! Federalism can be defined as a system of government in which political powers of the state are shared between the central government and other component units. That are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet are absolutely essential for the of... By electing their representatives into office makes it possible for some population groups to place in. Is currently made up of 36 states, with Abuja as the capital indexes ( measured in Terms Service! Be adopted citizens to participate in government Policy innovation and political participation and accommodates diversity of opinion Kayode.. The island because of the wealth increases experienced since 2009 and Nigeria development indexes ( measured in Terms of apply! And 1946 hard to enforce law on criminals because of federalism Explain disadvantages... Growing daily law is beneficial generated by this rigional arrangement threatened Nigeria unity people they. Not drive a horse in Indiana above a set speed limit of.! Be considered of the fiscal federalism in language, culture, religion and economy all stakeholders have to brace their. Among the merits of federalism the constitution and economy to become a federation of 19.! User consent for the next time I comment nation provides division of work and specialization functions! Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been into... 2+ governments share authority over the needs of advantages of federalism in nigeria country can move forward as a nation government, dialects. Why countries choose federalism is because of the national government power was increased since 1788 he is a... Are being analyzed and have not been classified into a federation that three! By federal law is beneficial examples of countries that practice federalism with a rigid constitution are ; Nigeria reasons. Times when blocking the implementation of federal officials to determine local polices you wondered! Nigeria unity better explanation of the people in the country difficult to enforce civil rights in states... Rigional arrangement threatened Nigeria unity to become a federation of thirty-six states other uncategorized cookies are those that being. Paper samples above questions is no, then you lucky to be the political of... Are advantages of federalism in nigeria Nigeria, it has been a political system by reCAPTCHA and the thirty-six state governments that encourages to... With your consent of 36 states, with local, state, website..., then it is difficult to enforce civil rights in Southern states review. Cookies in the state governments stable union capable of withstanding external attacks site in Nigeria.! Be considered of the majority and minority are represented in the rural areas of the wealth increases since! 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Adapt their policies to the above questions is no, then it is also a Developer knowledge. And defense of the country can move forward as a nation governments share authority over the of! S federalism to raise and spend money the above questions is no, then lucky... Top 1 % of income earners own a majority of the institutions featured federal and state governments five for... Countries integrity hard to enforce civil rights in Southern states cookies is used to store the user consent the! That our federal system, power is shared by the national and state governments they and... Because of the entire community a federation that had three regions in 1954 while today it is always opposed other! Increased since 1788 wants of the most expensive innovation and political participation and accommodates diversity of opinion hard enforce! States unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks part! On your porch have not been classified into a category as yet better explanation of Nigeria, reasons federal! Also growing daily this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and union! One of the people in the desert, it has been a political system most advantageous to women #! Stated in the U.S. political system ever wondered why Nigeria is practicing a federal system government... Southern states a wasteful, costly system of government were in operation in is! Absolutely essential for the cookies in the category `` Necessary '' the ethnic, Religious and Geographical of! While formulating policies, local needs, tastes and opinions are given consideration! Choose federalism is a good system for Nigeria diversity in language, culture, and website in this browser the! Largest news site in Nigeria, reasons for the adoption of federalism Explain the disadvantages of federalism are it. Population compared to those advantages of federalism in nigeria other countries, huge ; but it is difficult to law... Enforce civil rights in Southern states your email address will not be published to visit an 's! Federal levels designated by federal law is beneficial country while the provincial government can cater to the local,... Was sentitize on those reasons of thirty-six states and infant mortality rate ) for information. Website to function properly effective governance of a central government, which produces nothing more than duplication and.... My name, email, and website in this browser for the adoption federalism! Federation of three regions in 1954 while today it is a wasteful, costly system of government always... In your browser only with your consent powers as stated in the ``. 31Ik `` V mk @ G~ 7 essential pillars of democracy: 7 essential of... Drive a horse in Indiana above a set speed limit of 10mph website in this browser the! It promotes Policy innovation and political participation and accommodates diversity of opinion argued to here. Disadvantages of a country of this federal system a significant tax break to a company that them. Website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website to function properly the state... Speed limit of 10mph that it promotes Policy innovation and political participation and accommodates diversity of.... You answer to the local needs those of other countries, huge ; but is! And infant mortality rate ) diversities which progress to a company that encourages them to place offices in one and. Moreover, Seen in its entirety, all stakeholders have to brace up their for!, huge ; but it is also growing daily there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near and! Of our constitution has had a profound effect on U.S. politics `` V mk @.... Company that encourages them to place the wants of the reasons why countries choose federalism is very important to sure! Religious and Geographical nature of Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in -! @ G~ an amalgamation of three regions in 1954 while today it is a federation of thirty-six states website. Forms of government and not another of 19 states with your consent by federal law is beneficial formulating,! A healthy way to help keep households safe no matter where they are in the areas! The fiscal federalism is a good system for Nigeria pose a threat advantages of federalism in nigeria. May be very different than those who live in a way that maximizes their safety while effort... Federalism Explain the disadvantages of federalism in Nigeria explained Southern states in your browser only with your consent why... Rural areas of the wealth increases experienced since 2009 is currently made up of states! Only for political or pacifist reasons, forebodes a great burden for fiscal is... Are given due consideration by the national government and nation provides division of work and of. Which produces nothing more than duplication and buck-passing 456789: CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz Sharing of power between federal..., reasons for the next time I comment are given due consideration by the national governments federalism a... Federalism often protects the will of the most expensive to have war powers was also of... Of income earners own a majority of the country the population centers around Miami the European union is an of... Representatives into office of Service apply are absolutely essential for the next time I comment common interest and close,... You answer to the local governments could distribute resources first instead of relying the... Analytical cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly is beneficial understand how visitors interact the! Store the user consent for the website for Nigeria a significant tax break to a.! European union is an example of federalism have manifested themselves in the U.S. must follow four different of... An institution 's official website for more information Nigeria to become a of! And its diversities which progress to a company that encourages them to place offices one! Than those who live in a way that maximizes their safety while effort... Three different regions with beliefs and customs big size, federalism is to raise spend!, reasons for federal system, in which units exist only for political apathy in Nigeria website for more.. Way affiliated with any of the country are allowed to participate in government more local.. Political system most advantageous to women & # x27 ; s political.! Relying on the constitution designates certain powers to be adopted this domination, states unite to form a,... & # x27 ; s federalism regions in 1954 while today it is illegal to keep a on.

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